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                  <text>The Independent Press Association (IPA) translates articles from the ethnic press (when necessary) and distributes them via web and fax newsletter to mainstream and ethnic press, government offices, nonprofits, and interested individuals.  Voices That Must be Heard was designed by the Independent Press Association staff in New York City in response to the horrifying events of September 11.  After Sept. 11th, Voices focused on the South Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern communities in New York. Since February 2002, the project has expanded, selecting articles from the broad range of ethnic and community newspapers throughout the city. Here, the Archive has preserved the Voices collection from its inception until November 2002.</text>
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              <text>Visiting activists from Korea protest at UN building over the deaths of two Korean schoolgirls crushed by a U.S. armored vehicle</text>
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              <text>Members of Bomdaewi, the Committee of Pan-Koreans, a group of activists formed in response to these killings, and their leader, Rev. Han Sang-ryol, held a protest rally in front of the UN building on Dec. 3 at noon, along with a coalition of New York groups, including: the New York branch of Korean Democratic Reunification of Korea (Representative Hak-sam Song), and the International Action Center, (Chairman Ramsey Clark, former U.S. attorney general).  They demanded that U.S. President George W. Bush openly apologize for the deaths of two Korean girls crushed by an American combat vehicle in June.  They also demanded a retrial of the soldiers in a Korean court and revision of the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA). 
 
The demonstrators then moved to Times Square, the center of Manhattan, and they held a silent protest in front of the U.S. military recruiting station.
 
Rev. Han Sang-ryol and several other members also displayed photos showing crimes committed by U.S. soldiers stationed in Korea, and scenes from the deaths of Shin Hyo Soon and Shim Mi Sun by the U.S. armored vehicle.
 
"We want President Bush to publicly apologize in person, punish those responsible and revise the Status of Forces Agreement,'' or SOFA, Han said. 

Han and others will give a press conference at the National Press Center on Friday before visiting the White House to deliver their letter to President Bush, along with documents that contain over 1.3 million signatures demanding Bush's personal apology and SOFA reform.  The delegation also will deliver a protest letter to the Pentagon. 

They will hold rallies in front of the White House in Washington D.C., before returning to Seoul.  Han and six other members will call on the Pentagon, hoping to meet with the South Korean delegation at an annual ROK-U.S. Security Consultative Meeting (SCM). 

"Bomdaewi" will hold a protest and other activities, including a video screening, over nine nights and 10 days in New York, Washington D.C., and Los Angeles, and then will return to Korea on Dec. 11.

Meanwhile, in Korea, a group of Catholic priests continued a hunger strike near the U.S. Embassy, while Buddhist monks have vowed to hold rallies today, along with citizens, to demand a retrial of the servicemen and rewriting of the SOFA, which governs the legal status of 37,000 U.S. troops stationed here.  


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              <text>The Flushing Hindu temple at Queens is one of the first temples built in the United Statesand John Liu is no stranger to it, having visited it several times including once to attend a  friends wedding. 

His April 30 visit, however, was official. Liu visited the temple as the first Asian to have been elected to the City Council of New York, and his visit was display of solidarity with the Indian community that had backed him during the election. 

After paying respects at the temple, he sat with Dr. Uma Mysorekar, president of the Hindu Temple Society of North America which manages the temple, among others, to discuss problems the temple is faces. 

Parking, Dr. Mysorekar told Liu, is the single biggest problem. She also asked the newly elected councilor to help arrange additional police patrolling on weekends in the area to ward off incidents of jewelry and purse-snatching.  She suggested in front of the temple be made one way, adding explanations by officials while denying her requests were contradictory. 

Liu promised to take these matters up with the officials concerned, and suggested the Chinese and Indian communities in Flushing, which he termed as the place where people from all parts of the world live together. 

Indians should attend Chinese events and vice versa for better understanding, he suggested. 

We should not live as islands, but join together for our rights, Liu said, adding that a first step in this direction could be for leaders of both communities to meet and suggest ways to enhance interaction. 

Liu said he was thrilled at the chances of New York holding the 2012 Olympic Games. 

In the event New Yorks bid wins, Queens will be the center of events, and Flushing will benefit in terms of accelerated development, he pointed out. Before September 11th, the chances of getting the 2012 Olympics were bright. After September 11th, the chances are even brighter, he said. 

He promised to allot, from funds available to him, money for the temples youth program. 

A month after the September 11th attacks, the temple chariot was destroyed in a case of  arson. Dr. Mysorekar pointed out that the authorities have not managed to trace the culprits and the case is considered closed. The chariot was not insured and the fire also claimed the house it was kept in. 

Maybe the Lord wanted a new chariot, Dr. Mysorekar said philosophically. 

A replacement is being built in India, and will be transported in July. 

The temple has plans for expansion, including the construction of a Rajagopura, Mysrorekar told India Abroad later. 

Immediate plans include construction of staff quarter for six families, which will also house a library and senior citizens facility, at an estimated cost of $1.2 million. The temple employs 22 people. 

A full time librarian will be appointed and books on Vedanta procured for study and research. Even now, Dr. Mysorekar said, the temple gets many books but lacks storage space. 

The proposed senior citizens home will accommodate 35 people. It is intended as a day careelder citizens can be kept when people go to office, and picked up again in the evening. </text>
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              <text>Was it a Freudian slip or was Prime Minister PJ Patterson predicting the future in the upcoming elections to be held in Jamaica later this year? 

Mr. Patterson, the longest continuous serving Prime Minister in office, was outlining the countrys progress since independence 40 years ago at the Live and Direct at the Town Hall meeting last Thursday night at the Brooklyn Marriott, downtown Brooklyn. However, instead of saying 40, he said four. Someone corrected him the audience, who joked that he was referring to his fourth consecutive term in office. Elections will be held certainly before the year ends and he predicted it would be the most peaceful election in recent times. 

However, while the system is being fine-tuned to make sure its fair and free he appealed to the overseas connection to stop sending the weapons in the barrels. The weapons come in the fridge and barrels. Its destroying the country, your friends, you relatives, your mothers, sisters, brothers, schoolmates.

The progress report from the Prime Minister outlined a decade of positive developments to ensure competition in the global marketplace; the development of human capital; the improvement in physical infrastructure; the advent of the Caribbean Court of Justice; the stability of the Jamaican dollar; the National Health Insurance.

This does not mean that we are not fraught with obstacles, but we are ready for challenges, he said.

For the 40th independence anniversary, major celebrations are being planned. One such to kick of the activities will be the hosting of the 9th IAAF World Junior championship in track and field athletics at the National Stadium, July 16  21. Over 159 countries have already agreed to participate in the games. 

During the question and answer session, the Prime Minister seemingly got a little flustered when he was accused by at least two participants of selling out the country.

I feel let down, Mr. Prime Minister as you sell usyou sell off JPS [Jamaica Public Service, an electric company] and Mutual [insurance company]. You sold us out, one man, Moses Rodriquez, repeatedly seemingly to drive home his point. 

Another questioned whether or not selling off our assets is a blueprint for disaster. 

The Prime Minister, calmly and calculatedly, explained that the government had to get several private companies help to modernize the plant. 

I invited proposals from everywhere and from everybody to come forward, and not one Jamaican group at home or abroad stepped to the plate. If no Jamaican Company or a group of Jamaicans abroad had said they wanted to come home and run it, that would have been good. 

But not one, not one, he gesticulated, raising that first finger, accepted the offer, he said to applause from sections of the audience, and with shouts of tell him sah from the staunch PNP supporter sitting near to me. 

With regards to Mutual, there was a big problem .Everybody was in control and there was confusion. We pumped in billions of dollars, but the more we pumped, the bigger the sinkhole. While I revere the memory of George William Gordon (who founded Mutual Life), we still had other pressing matters. Mr. (Michael Lee) Chin from Canada came back no with mouth but with money to invest. He came with proposals and we welcomed him. He was willing to invest, so dont come here and tell me about sell out. Just come back home and see what we have done and you will see a better country, the Prime Minister said. 

Other questions touched on the exporting of teachers and its impact on the development of the country; deportees; how the Social Sciences department at UWI analyzing the crime situation; globalization, the development of the Rockfort community by companies in the area, AIDS, and solid wastes in the environment. 

The Prime Minister was welcomed by Deputy Borough President Jamaican Yvonne Graham, on behalf of the president Marty Markowitz. Prayers were offered by Bishop Riley, of the Freedom Hall Church of God. The Prime Minister was accompanied by Fitz Jackosn and Marjorie Taylor. </text>
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              <text>Seventeen year-old Erastro reluctantly agreed to pose for his picture after an indigenous community leader from Erastros hometown convinced him that the photographer, although a white Mexican, was trustworthy.

Also known as Méjico at the Dominican restaurant where he works, Erastro stands just about five feet tall; his face is round and his skin is almost as dark as his black hair. To many New Yorkers, these characteristics may describe the majority of Mexicans, but spend a little time with Erastro and his Mixteca identity is almost immediately apparant. His first language is Náhuatl, and his soft-spoken manner reveals an unmistakably rural upbringing.

Erastro comes from the Mixteca region, an area which spans parts of the Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Puebla states in south-central Mexico. It is a rural area with a concentrated indigenous population that, in recent years, has become one of the principal places of origins of migrants to the United States.

The 1990 census recorded the Mexican population in New York at 61,722, up from 7,364 in 1970. According to Barnard College Sociology Professor Robert Smith, author of several books on indigenous migration to the United States; by 1992 that number had risen to 96,000.

Smith, whose articles have been published by the North American Congress for Latin America (NACLA), believes that this boom in immigration has three causes: the Mexican farm crisis in the 1980s, the 1986 Amnesty Law, and the high demand for service workers in New York.

Many Mixtecas who come to the city are often unable to speak Spanish, read or write. The difficulties they encounterabuse, exploitation, discrimination, povertyare all too familiar. 	

The fact that they dont speak Spanish shouldnt warrant abuse and humiliation, said Victor Guzmán, an indigenous leader from Guerrero who now works for the employment agency Casa Mexico. According to Guzmán, cases of Mexican business owners abusing indegenous Mexicans are common.

Besides the problems most new immigrants face, indigenous Mexicans pay the price of being one minority within another. Smith writes that, indigenous Mexicans do not naturally fall into any one spot in New Yorks social and racial hierarchies. They enter New York both as immigrants and Latinos.

For this reason, indigenous Mexicans sacrifice their own well-being for that of their families; they are often forced to navigate social networks organized heavily by race. 

In Erastros case, this translates into 12-hour workdays for a weekly salary of $250. One quarter of his salary goes to pay the $800 he still owes the coyote who brought him here, and another quarter goes to his family in Guerrero. On his one day off, Saturday, he usually does laundry and talks to his friends, fellow Náhuatl speaking Mixtecas. With their help, he has now ridden the subway twice, ventured into Brooklyn once for two hours, and learned how to send money to Mexico.

&lt;b&gt;Mexico, beloved and beautiful?&lt;/b&gt;

The racial divisions that characterize Mexico are strong yet subtle. Despite the 1910 Revolution, almost 5.5 million indigenous Mexicans still live as marginalized citizens. Terms such as &lt;i&gt;indio&lt;/i&gt;, which is commonly used to refer to someone who is ignorant and uncouth, are a reflection of the repressive social order. Only 20.7 percent of Mexicans households that speak a langauge other than Spanish have services such as running water, sewage, and electricity.

Guzmán estimates that 30 to 40 percent of Mexican immigrants in El Barrio are indigenous. Some take the time to practice English during the day while at work and Spanish at night with friends or neighbors. For others, however, the best they can do is try to survive and keep a steady job.

I know some people that spoke our language back home, but here they only want to speak Spanish. I think they feel embarrassed, said Erastro.

According to Mónica Santana, Director of the Latino Workers Center, the majority of Mexicans who seek the organizations help with work-related problems are indigenous.

The thing is that they dont tell us, said Santana, These people try to hide their identity because in their countries they were discriminated against. The same thing happens with Guatemalan, Ecuadorian, and Honduran immigrants.

More often than not, Mexicans who are concerned with maintaining their cultural identity have a higher social and financial status than the Mixtecas, Zapotecos, or Tlapanecos who live here.

Every Friday afternoon behind the grocery store El Limon on 125th Street, the members of the Cetiliztli Nauhcampa Quetzalcoatl in Ixachitlan (Group of the Fourth Paths in the Land of Red People) dance group meet in a ballroom under a mural of Ricardo Franco. The mural represents the Spanish conquest of Mexico and the religious syncretism there. Before the dancers begin, they form in a circle to pray and perform a purification ritual. Most dancers come from urban centers in Mexico, maintain good jobs and speak Spanish.

Unfortunately, Erastro cant be present on Friday afternoon; he gets out of work too late and depends on his boss for a ride home.

Anyway, said Erastro standing outside of his workplace on 117th Street, I dont know how to make it all the way over there by myself.</text>
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              <text>Discount and sale signs are everywhere in the windows of the hundreds of jewelry stores along crowded Canal Street. As one of the major traditional businesses in Chinatown, the jewelry stores are still struggling even one year after September 11th.</text>
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              <text>Discount and sale signs are everywhere in the windows of the hundreds of jewelry stores along crowded Canal Street. As one of the major businesses in Chinatown, the jewelry stores are still struggling one year after September 11th. The stores are still forced to stimulate business with big discounts, as they have been doing during the whole year. Despite the promotion, people in the industry still complain that the business is far from what it was a year ago.

The jewelry industry is a traditional one in Chinatown. A lot of family-owned stores date back at least two decades. And there are about 250 or so jewelry stores in Chinatown. Most of them are clustered along Canal and Bowery Streets. Because of the quantity and reasonable prices, Chinatown jewelry industry is considered an equal counterpart of the jewelry hub on Fifth Avenue. The closure of many roads and the unprecedented tight security check made Chinatown almost a dead zone for a long time after September 11th. With the additional inconvenience of the lack of telecommunications in the area, owners of jewelry stores had to shut down their business for about a week, as did other business owners. 

When businesses reopened, they found that the crowded streets and dynamic business taken for granted before September 11th were gone. According to an Asian American Federation survey, Chinatown after September 11th, in the first three months after September 11th, the sales of jewelry industry dropped 50 percent. Although business has recovered slowly over the last year, jewelry businessmen said their business is still only 70 percent of what it was last year.

The entire effect of September 11th is still hitting us, said Larry Feng, the manager of Li Xing Jewelry store. Feng explained that although the traffic and telecommunication are improving, the already battered American economy has worsened after September 11th.  Layoffs in the newspapers are not news anymore, and people lack confidence in the economy. 

The economy situation affects all the business. But as for the jewelry industry, I think we were affected most, said Feng. Feng noted jewelry is not everyday merchandise but a luxury. When the economic down turns, people trim luxuries first out of the budget events. The recovery of the jewelry industry depends on the recovery of the whole economy, Feng said.

George Chan, an owner of another jewelry store, pointed out that intense competition also contributes to the slow recovery of Chinatown jewelry industry. 

During the 90s, a lot of new jewelry stores opened in Chinatown, Chan said. Before September 11th, when the tourists rushed into Chinatown every day, we were not worried about customers, [and] the new stores had helped increase the quantity of Chinatowns jewelry stores and, therefore, draw the attention of jewelry buyers on us. But now, tourists are much fewer than before. The stores have to compete with one another for the limited customers. More stores only means less chance all to survive.

Amy So, a daughter of the well-known jewelry Sos family, agrees with Chan. So works as a diamond designer in David S. Diamond, a familys store on the Fifth Avenue. Sos believes that the jewelry business on Fifth Avenue completely recovered several months after September 11th. But a lot of family friends who own stores in Chinatown still complain about the sagged business. The reason of the disparity, So said, is Chinatowns harsh competition and lack of design. 

So explained, that after 1997, when Hong Kong was returned to China, Chinatown experienced the flux of Hong Kong immigrants worried about the legacy of Hong Kong. Jewelry is a traditional business of Hong Kong. And lot of new immigrants worked in that industry in Hong Kong, and upon their arrival, they opened jewelry stores in Chinatown and tried to live on the business they were familiar with. This increased the competition among jewelry stores in Chinatown. The problem in Chinatown is there are so many stores, but they dont have their own style, said So. Compared to the jewelry stores on Fifth Avenue, whose lifeline is specialized designs, Chinatowns stores are no different from one another, So noted. They just repeat themselves and have few special designs, she said. So many stores compete for customers with the same taste. Its no surprise that they were stuck.</text>
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The number of undocumented immigrants obtaining false drivers licenses increased after most states passed laws prohibiting undocumented immigrants from applying for state drivers license.

Immigrant organizations protested the new laws. According to the Bergen Record, many of the 300,000 immigrants living here illegally either have fake documents or obtained their drivers license illegally.

Until September 11th, all immigrants with valid six-month tourist visas could apply for drivers licenses in most states. Licenses issued were valid for four years. Then, federal authorities investigating the terrorist attacks discovered that suspects used legally obtained drivers licenses to rent cars and board airplanes.

Now applicants must be legal residents or have valid working visas; the licenses expire when the visas do. Similar laws have been passed in New Jersey and many other states in February.

According to Jennifer Ching, staff attorney at the Immigrant Workers Rights Project at the New Jersey ACLU, the black market specializing in production and distribution of fake international drivers licenses has been growing. Immigrants who purchased those documents were informed the documents are sufficient to legally drive a vehicle; this is untrue. 

International drivers licenses are also a hot item among drivers whose privileges have been revoked, for example, for too many DWIs (convictions for driving while intoxicated). Last October, a California resident was fined $45,000 for selling drivers licenses over the Internet to New Jersey drivers who had lost their licenses for driving while intoxicated. 

The legitimate International Drivers License is issued by the American Automobile Association and is valid only with an original license issued by the drivers country of origin. It should not be used more than a few months.</text>
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              <text>President Bush formalized his vision for America and the rest of the world in  The National Security Strategy of the United States. In it, the United States reserves the right to attack its adversaries preemptively, and vows never to allow any country to challenge American military and economic superiority. Scary, isnt it? </text>
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              <text>After months of intense work, President Bush formalized his vision for America and the rest of the world. Under this worldview, the United States reserves the right to attack its adversaries preemptively and vows never to allow any country to challenge Americas military and economic superiority. Scary, isnt it?

Entitled The National Security Strategy of the United States, the document was heavily edited by Mr. Bush because some of its sections reportedly sounded overbearing and arrogant. It is to be presented to Congress for adoption as Americas new doctrine. Despite smoothing, the arrogance of power is noticeable. These pronouncements are bound to make sovereign nations uneasy, with some of them feeling intimidated.

The new doctrine also strikes at the root of multilateralism, which forms the basis of the United Nations. It essentially means that might is right, and that when America disagrees with the world the only opinion it cares about is its own.

The idea of striking an adversary in a far away land before it has taken any belligerent action against the United States seems, plainly, aggressive. The document, in part, states that although the United States would seek to build alliances, we will not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to exercise our right of self-defense by acting pre-emptively. 

Preventing other countries from trying to match or exceed Americas military or economic power smacks of dictatorship, especially coming from a country that never tires of expressing support for freedom. 

Journalists writing about U.S. foreign policy wont have to read between the lines of a White House statement any longer to understand whats behind Americas action against a given country. It is already there, in print: the president has no intention of allowing any foreign power to catch up with the huge lead the United States has opened since the fall of the Soviet Union more than a decade ago, the document states, adding, Our forces will be strong enough to dissuade potential adversaries from pursuing a military buildup in hopes of surpassing, or equaling, the power of the United States. 

The wording leaves little doubt about what the United States will do if it were unable to dissuade a country diplomatically from seeking military parity. With the former Soviet Union mired in economic problems and the Muslim world in a state of technological, political and economic crisis, the only country fitting the profile seems to be China.  

Because Muslim countries do not pose an immediate military challenge, they can be dealt with by use of foreign aid, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank loans, as well as direct military force. In essence, America would use all available means to win the battle for the future of the Muslim world, including economic and cultural invasion. 

Moreover, the United States will support moderate and modern government, especially in the Muslim world, to ensure that the conditions and ideologies that promote terrorism do not find fertile ground in any nation. Translated, it means that the Muslim governments would be coaxed into introducing the American brand of Islam, and oppress those who differ. 

The document states that America will actively work to bring the hope of democracy, development, free markets and free trade to every corner of the world. The rhetoric is a euphemism for the imposition of the New World Order on weaker nations. The concept of free market and free trade have of late become the rallying point of conscientious Americans who oppose them because they exploit the natural resources of the poor countries and keep them perpetually under economic subjugation of the rich nations.

On the Palestinian issue, the main cause of Muslim unhappiness toward the United States, the national strategy document advocates freedom for both sides and the creation of an independent and democratic Palestine.  In principle, this is a welcome reaffirmation of Americas policy on the Middle East for some time. However, it does not announce any plans to make it a reality. Instead it talks about a reformed Palestinian government, meaning the ouster of Yasir Arafat, a demand similar to Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharons. 

Israeli occupation of Palestine consumes most of Americas foreign aid and energy, and creates the bulk of hatred towards it, yet the document fails to show a resolve to do anything to change the status quo. 

While Israeli forces brutalize the Palestinian population and destroy the Palestinian Authority structures brick by brick, one is appalled at the lack of American denunciation of that inhuman policy. Attacking Iraq for suspected development of nuclear and chemical weapons, but avoiding any mention of Israel already possessing those weapons clearly makes the doctrine of preemptive strike hypocritical.

A world without checks and balances is a dangerous place. Mr. Bushs national strategy document amply reminds us of this danger. However, Americans can find solace in the fact that this self-centered vision of the world may not last beyond the Bush administration.


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Mr. McFall opened the door, and the agents entered and asked to see Mr. Abdel-Muhtis identification; when he showed it to them they said he was under arrest for being in the United States illegally. The agents handcuffed Mr. Abdel-Muhti, saying they were taking him to 26 Federal Plaza and that he would be deported. The agents took Mr. Abdel Muhti away without searching the apartment. </text>
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              <text>An organization that tracks city finance voiced their disapproval of Gov. George Patakis decision to use the money from Liberty Bonds to construct luxury apartments in lower Manhattan, ignoring the needs of poor people. 

Congress authorized Liberty Bonds in response to the September 11th attacks; these bonds are worth $8 billion, tax exempt, for rebuilding the city. A fund equivalent to $1.6 million was divided equally between the governor and Mayor Bloomberg ($800 million each) to finance housing projects. Instead, the governor chose to build 840 high-rent apartments with an investment of $340 million, said Karina Sapunar, a spokesperson for Good Jobs New York, a non-profit watchdog group.  Two of the buildings will be located in Battery Park City and one in the Financial District. Ninety-five percent of the units will be rented at market price. According to Good Jobs New York, a studio apartment will rent for up to $2,062, while a three-bedroom apartment will cost $6,267 per month. Five percent of the units in each building may be offered at subsidized prices. 

However, the cost will still be prohibitive for residents with a medium or low income, Sapunar said. These apartments will be assigned to four-person families with an annual income of $94,000. Gathered by Good Jobs New York and its sponsored project Reconstruction Watch, activists called upon all New York City organizations to ask the governor and the New York State Housing Finance Agency to reconsider these projects and build, affordable housing for low income families in Lower Manhattan instead. 

Were part of the Liberty Bond Coalition so the governor can hear our proposal and decide to use the $470 million extra from the bonds in an equitable way that benefits the poor, said Sapurnar. Good Jobs New York was present at all the public hearings, fighting for the construction of apartments for low-income families, but we were not heard.</text>
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              <text>The rate of newborns who die within the first year of life is highest in the Haitian community than among any other immigrant group in New York City, said a health organization official last week.

Infant mortality is used as an indicator to determine a populations state of health development.

If you use this indicator, then this community is doing worse than any other community, said Dr. Marco Mason, associate executive director of the Caribbean Womens Health Association.

Mason was addressing a group of about 25 Haitians representing organizations in a roundtable discussion held at the Brooklyn Public Librarys Flatbush branch.

He said the Caribbean Womens Health Association is spearheading a campaign to reduce the rate by forming a health advisory committee. Mason said he hopes to recruit committee members by September.

The New York City Department of Health reported in April 2000 that the average infant mortality rate is 6.2 deaths per 1,000 live births. In the Haitian community, that rate is about 12.5 deaths per 1,000 live births. 

Within the top 10 nationalities above the city average are other Caribbean nations such as Panama, Grenada, and Barbados, and two African nations, Nigeria and Ghana. 

Yvanne Cassendo, a representative from the Alliance of Haitian Emigrates, said she was shocked about the high infant mortality rate in the Haitian community. Its something that everyone should come together to alleviate.

Mason said the death of babies less than one year old cuts across social class borders among Haitians. The cause of infant death includes the mothers health during pregnancy, pre-existing medical conditions such as HIV/AIDS, lack of health insurance and poverty, he said. 

He said babies have a better chance of living if the mother has access to early and continuous prenatal care. Mason said some undocumented women do not seek prenatal care because they are afraid of deportation if they reveal their immigrant status.

The response to infant mortality, he said, is three-pronged. The strategy involves developing an education campaign, targeting policymakers to add maternal health to the budgets and building a legal team to prepare a class-action lawsuit against the city and the department of health for the disparities.

Mason would not say how much the campaign would cost, but hes trying to get other groups to help in mobilizing the community.

At the meeting, Dr. Edouard Hazel, general secretary of Haitian Physicians Living Abroad, said it is important to gain control of the way public health money is spent. He said advocacy alone would not be enough.

A representative from the Haitian Womens Program, Heather Anderson, said the organizations do not really go after it. 

Mason said he has testified to the City Council and met with politicians to convince them to include a budget line for maternal health care, but those efforts have yielded nothing.

He said he sent letters to Governor George Pataki and the state Department of Health commissioner to help because the public sectors response to build state-of-the-art neonatal units is not an effective solution. Neonatal units, he said, do not prevent the fetuses from birth defects or death, but rather deals with curing the defects. 

Mason said it is up to the community to take organized action.
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              <text>Dozens of Latino immigrants protested discrimination against Spanish-speaking people by Brooklyn hospitals on Thursday, Feb. 21. 
The community organization Make the Road by Walking organized the protest in front of Wyckoff Heights Medical Center after releasing a report detailing immigrants inability to communicate with their doctors because hospitals lack interpreters.
The report included interviews with patients at Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center and Wyckoff, the majority of whom were unable to communicate with healthcare providers. 
According to a representative of Make the Road by Walking, the majority of the 145 interviewed for the report said neither hospital informed them of their right to interpretation. 
Juana Alvarez, a Mexican woman and member of Make the Road by Walking, said because of the lack of interpretation, she was unable to tell doctors that she was pregnant and suffering a hemorrhage. Ultimately, she lost her baby.
I waited too long to be seen. There was no one who spoke Spanish. I couldnt communicate with anyone. I tried to explain to the doctor that I was giving birth but he didnt understand me. The baby was born and fell off the bed, Alvarez said. What I lost that day because of lack of interpretation services will never be recovered, she added. 
Josefina Marín, a Mexican woman, said because she couldnt communicate with emergency room doctors at Woodhull Medical Center, she was accused of neglecting her youngest son, of whom she lost custody for a month.
My son needed x-rays and we had to wait almost 12 hours to be seen. When we were seen by the doctor, he told me that they did not offer the treatment my son needed. I was accused of abusing my son and they opened a case, Marin said.
Representatives of Wyckoff Medical Center denied these accusations and indicated that the institution offers interpreting services and information in English and Spanish. 
These allegations are very unjust and untrue. We have a committee which focuses on the needs of the Hispanic community, said Yamil Pujols, assistant to the director of internal relations at Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, who indicated that yesterday the hospital tried to meet with the representatives of the Make the Road by Walking but they refused to speak with us.
Andrew Friedman, an organizer with the community group, denied the accusations. He indicated that the representatives of Wyckoff offered to speak to them but arrived in an inopportune time when our attorney and our members were not present.
Woodhull Hospital denied the complaints, adding that they do provide translation services to their patients.
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              <text>Its a right, which is enshrined in the Vienna Convention that governs relations between states, and its a right, which the United States asserts in every member state of the United Nations where its citizens live, work or visit.

Yet, its one that police officers and other law enforcement officials at the state and local levels in New York, New Jersey and other states across the country routinely ignore.
That right: the obligation of the authorities to tell representatives of foreign governments that their citizens are being held in custody.

In terms of immediate notification, people have the right if they are citizens of a foreign country, are temporary residents or illegal residents to seek the advice of their consular authorities, to make a call to their consulates to indicate their condition, explained a Caribbean diplomat in Washington.

The problem is, though, that police officers in New York, for example, just dont tell people about their rights.

Caribbean consular officials in New York, from Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Antigua and the Bahamas, to Belize, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, Haiti, St. Vincent, Dominica, St. Lucia and St. Kitts-Nevis have been pointing out this problem to criminal justice authorities for years, but without any positive results.

Now, Brooklyn District Attorney, Charles Hynes, has indicated he plans to do something about it.

We want (police) officers to be aware of the right of people who are citizens of other nations that if they arrest them, the people have the right and they know that they have the right to contact their embassy for legal advice, said Lance Ogiste, an executive assistant district attorney in Brooklyn.

The DAs office intends to use training sessions of cops to get the word out. Thats good. Lets hope that prosecutors in other boroughs, especially Manhattan, the Bronx and Queens do the same thing. 

Just as importantly, the police brass must also ensure that officers take the next step and observe the important rights of immigrants. </text>
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              <text>The White House, the Congress, the army establishment in Pakistan are all projecting themselves as fighting the just war against terrorism. Meanwhile, it is the Pakistani community in the United States that is feeling persecuted, voiceless and abandoned.

Since September 11th, the Pakistani community in the United States, in particular those who are undocumented, has been feeling isolated and depressed. It is ironic the American press is lauding Pakistan as a front-line state in the fight against terrorism. It is true that the Pakistani government has given unparalleled support in the fight against Al Qaeda. Pakistani authorities working closely with the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) have arrested a number of militants, including Abu Zubaida, a top lieutenant of Bin Laden. They arrested Abu Zubaida in Faisalabad, Pakistan. The FBI later released a warning of further attacks on US soil based on their interrogation of Zubaida.

There have been five alerts issued by the FBI, since September 11th. The FBI is unable tell us specifics about the threats, except to say that financial institutions may be targets. After every alert, more Muslims, especially Pakistanis, are detained. We learn about these from our contacts in the community. Officially, the number of people arrested, and deported, remains a secret.

A few days ago, at a raid on a Pakistani family living in Queens, agents explained that the head of the household's name was somewhat similar to the name of a suspected terrorist! An officer present during the raid told the family that the authorities had every right to pursue any lead in the fight against terrorism. The officer also said that Pakistan is near the top of the State Department's list of states that sponsor terrorism; that is why they are arresting many Pakistanis.

In an address before the Pakistani community General Pervez Musharref, on a visit to the United States after September 11th, said that the assistance his government was providing to the United States was much appreciated and, therefore, U.S. leaders promised to be compassionate in dealing with Pakistanis living here.

This is not the truth. The Pakistani embassy has also put blinders on.

The people who do care and provide some source of comfort are those who protest in front of the Brooklyn Detention Center. There are more Americans belonging to civil liberties organizations present than people of Pakistani origin.

Recently, a high-ranking official from the Pakistani Embassy, referring to the poor turnout of Pakistanis at the demonstrations, made the irresponsible statement that if the Pakistani community itself will not show up then there is nothing that the government of Pakistan can do.

Pakistanis, whether undocumented or legal, are afraid to join these demonstrations. There are rumors in the community that attendance is not without risk, particularly if you are here illegally.

Times have changed in America. Prior to September 11th, undocumented immigrants could travel on planes throughout the United States without inhibition. Today, even legal immigrants feel nervous at airports.

What are we to do? The White House, the Congress, and the media praise General Musharref to the stars. After each cycle of praise for the General, ordinary Pakistanis living in the United States wait in their homes with dread.

The only break in the gloom was the pro-Palestinian rally in Washington, D.C. Speakers spoke out against terrorism. They also warned against victimizing Muslims living in the United States. It seems that such voices are finally being picked up by the mainstream media.</text>
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              <text>Longy Anyanwu spent four years in a New Jersey jail for contempt after insisting that his children be brought up in his home country of Nigeria. His recent release reopens the debate about the best place for African immigrants to raise their kids: America or Africa?</text>
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              <text>The plight of Longy Anyanwu, the Nigerian dad recently released from a New Jersey jail after spending four years for contempt for insisting that his children be brought up in Africa again opened the debate about the best place for African immigrants to raise their kids: America or Africa?

Lady Okonkwo, (not her real name), a Nigerian immigrant and registered nurse (RN) at a New York area hospital will never forgive herself. Some three decades ago, Lady came to America with her husband, Dr. Okonkwo, to study. After their studies, they started work in New York and had two girls and a boy. A family source told African Abroad (AA) that after surveying the American society and its attitudes towards the rearing of children, Dr. Okonkwo confided in his wife that they should relocate back to Nigeria so that their children could be rooted in the more disciplined African culture. According to the source, Lady flatly refused her husbands request, preferring instead to stay in America with the children. Dr. Okonkwo relocated back to Nigeria alone. 

Today, Lady Okonkwo is full of regret at her decision. Her three children, who are now adults, completely shun anything Nigerian and prefer to refer themselves as Americans, saying it is only their parents who are Nigerian. They never mix with Nigerians, or any Africans for that matter, and cannot even speak any of the African languages. What pained Lady Okonkwo was her sons decision (his name is withheld) to marry an older American lady who has three children out of wedlock by two different men. Her two girls now have problems with dating because they will not date African men and Black American men look at them as foreign even though they were born in the United States.

Ike Enwereuzor, an America-born Nigerian sports writer based in New York, does not have this identity crisis afflicting the Okonkwo family. Ewereuzor, whose parents are both Nigerians, told AA that there is nothing like spending ones formative years in Africa because of the lack of discipline in American society and its schools. I am forever grateful to my father for sending me back to Nigeria as a young man to learn the culture of respect, discipline, self worth and the dignity of labor, said Enwereuzor. Granted, my father used to spank me when I misbehaved and I was caned at school by teachers and older students. What the heck! It is better for me because I escaped the gang culture of America, will never pick a fight with an armed cop to send me to an early grave, and have the self respect not to regard welfare as a solution to being lazy.

Chief Felix Ugbode, CEO of Paulson Security Inc. in New York, who raised his kids in America, is full of regret for doing so. Knowing what I know now, I would never have brought up my children in America. The culture is totally anti-good parenting.

The American culture criminalizes discipline of any kind on a child. It is termed child abuse. African parents who want to instill the rigid African culture of spanking the child to correct aberrant behavior in their children are hauled before the courts on child abuse charges. The children are forcibly removed from them and placed in government-administered foster homes. 

There are, however, other reasons why the practice of Africans sending their children back home to Africa for their formative years is on the rise. An African CPA in Brooklyn, who does not want his name in print, sent his two kids to a private school in Abuja for economic reason as well as to imbibe the culture of discipline. My wife is a student in a New Jersey school. I am the only one working. How do we take care of two kids on a lean budget of expensive private schools and sky-high day care services? he asked. He told AA that it cost him N270,000 Maira (about $2,000) per year for the boarding and tuition of one of his kids as a private school in Abuja, the Nigerian capital. When a 13-year-old starts saying, Daddy, dont be a fool! you know there is a problem. The American system gives the children so much freedom to misbehave that at the end of the day, they become uncontrollable and are either lost to the gangs or are murdered by rogue cops intimidated by the sight of a young black kid with attitude.

Child welfare experts told AA that parents wishing to raise their children in Africa must first agree together to avoid trouble with the law. Longly Anyanwu, the Nigerian-born former computer professor at Montclair University, in Montclair, NJ, ran afoul of the American child welfare laws because he did not agree with his wife on the best place to bring up their children. Edith Anyanwu, his former wife, alerted the authorities that her husband kidnapped their two children and sent them to Nigeria. A New Jersey court ordered Longly Anyanwu to bring his American-born children back to America within three days. When he refused, Longly was held in contempt for four years by Superior Court Judge Salem V. Ahto. After the surviving child, Uchechi, 16, (Ogechi, 11, the other child, died in Nigeria) told Judge Ahto that she would like to complete her education in Nigeria, Longly was released from prison.
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Last month, an Arab Canadian, who lives near the gas station and has been using its services for many years, pulled his car in, as was his habit. This time he was arrested by the police for illegal entry into the United States. He has been in detention ever since. His family and the Canadian authorites are working to get his release.

If you go to this gas station today, it still feels like nothing has changed along the longest undefended border in the world. Canadians are still buying gas at this station, many assuming that it lies in Quebec, or not caring at all.

A Canadian citizen in transit through New York was detained and deported to Syria because that is the country of his birth. Both these cases were discussed by Foreign Minister Bill Graham with Secretary of State Colin Powell, who was in Ottawa on a recent visit.

I believe such incidents will continue to happen because American authorities are not paying attention to human rights and are focusing on racial profiling.

People in the Pakistani community who are moderate, secular and believe in human rights must project their community in that light. Otherwise the extremist image will remain the dominant image for Americans of people who are of South Asian and Middle Eastern origin.</text>
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              <text>On Sept. 18 in New York, the Ecuadorian president, Gustavo Noboa, received the Franklin Delano Roosevelt International Disability Award for his work helping the handicapped. The next day, he addressed the United Nations, criticizing the global North for exploiting their control of international financial organizations. </text>
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              <text>New York: On Sept. 18, the Ecuadorian president, Gustavo Noboa, received the Franklin Delano Roosevelt International Disability Award for his work helping the handicapped.

Many famous people were present at the ceremony, including the granddaughter and great-granddaughter  of former President Roosevelt. One of them lived in Ecuador for a year and a half. She congratulated Noboa in perfect Spanish on the award, which, as she said was well deserved. Actor Christopher Reeve was also there to congratulate the president on this honor.

Ecuador is the first Latin American country to receive the award, which the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the World Committee on Disability has given away annually since 1996. The prize is sponsored by the United Nations.

Noboa expressed his gratitude, saying, This award brings to mind the courage of President Roosevelt, a man who turned adversity into a challenge. He was not debilitated by his personal suffering when leading the United States. He remarked that the movement in support for handicapped people started in Ecuador in the 50s by a group of professionals and families.

The next day, Noboa gave a speech at the U.N., criticizing discrimination against immigrants, asserting that immigration is the way big countries create their identities. According to him, developed countries have found new ways to discriminate against smaller countries: financially, socially and ethically. Isnt it true that the bases of capitalism have been hit by corruption in the rich countries? he asked.

They ask the poor countries to have discipline and austerity with respect to the rules of the free market, and also ask them to collaborate in the fight against the calamities in our world; but in exchange they close the doors to our products, he added. He also mentioned that developed countries demand from developing countries a bigger fight against terrorism and drugs without giving us the resources to carry out the plans.

He talked about the contradiction in the demands of international financial organizations, which turn a deaf ear to poor countries that want to negotiate seriously. He pointed that the hypocrisy, injustice, inequality and increase of poverty are the cause of violence and extremism.

Noboa reproached the developed countries that talk about flow of capital, when in reality, the flow is just inverted into the northern hemisphere. The reason is that the North looks at the South with a patronizing attitude, he said. The equality in economic exchange only exists in the speeches, manuals and books of the developed countries.

The president also visited Battery Park to offer flowers in memory of the victims of the attacks of September 11th.</text>
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              <text>When he took office in January, Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz said he would hire a Haitian person to serve as a liaison with the community and his office, but eight months later, there is still no one in that post. 

A personnel officer in Markowitz human resources department said that the bureau is in a hiring freeze.

The budget is a disaster this year, said Yvonne Graham, deputy borough president. Were really working to see how we can work within the funds.

During an interview with the Haitian Times in January, Markowitz said he was waiting on the budget, hoping his office would get enough to hire new staff.

Andy Ross, spokesperson for the borough president, said that the $1 million discretionary fund the city granted the borough president last year was eliminated for the 2003 fiscal year.

The budget for fiscal year 2003, approved last month by the City Council, mandates that city agencies reduce their expenses by 20 percent, among other measures.

Ross said the borough presidents budget for the 83 people currently on staff and receiving benefits is $4.3 million, while during the last fiscal year the budget provided about $5 million for 92 employees.

The City Council and Mayor Michael Bloomberg agreed on an overall budget of $42.3 billion for the city on June 19 after months of debate over how to close the citys $5 million budget deficit.

Graham, a Jamaican, has met with some members of  the community, including the 18 Mai Committee, Henry Frank of the Haitian Centers Council, and Arioste Denis of the United Haitians Associations of the USA. Ross said Markowitzs office is still soliciting resumes for the liaison position.

Graham said they have not developed a formal job description, but added it is important to have a Haitian person who can stay in contact with Haitian organizations, bring feedback to Markowitz and disseminate information about borough programs. She said a salary has not been set, but that it would depend on a candidates experience.

Of the many politicians who campaigned in the Haitian and overall Caribbean communities to gain votes in the last Novembers elections, Markowitz is the only one who said he intended to hire a Haitian intermediary after he took office. One former State Assembly candidate said Senators Hillary Rodham Clinton and Charles Schumer have not publicly offered to hire any Haitians, even though Haitians contributed significantly to their campaigns. 

This is something the borough president wanted to achieve, said Ross.</text>
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              <text>In the Bronx, where Korean-owned stores are heavily concentrated, a recent increase in theft has left business owners uneasy and demanding a high level of caution.  

According to the Federation of Korean Business Associations of Bronx, there have been two break-ins within the last week, around 170th Street and Jerome Avenue near Grand Concourse, where there are numerous Korean jewelry stores and liquor stores. On the night of July 28, a fast food store was robbed, and on August 4, a cellular phone store was hit.  

The thieves usually enter the stores after they are closed,  breaking the shutters from the outside, then stealing money and goods.   

Owners of the robbed stores, along with members of the Federation, visited the police station to demand increased patrol of the area; the police promised that more patrolling officers, now in pairs, will be stationed in the area.   

Recently, a greater number of large and small thefts have been reported by the members.  Although the crime rate is much lower than it used to be, there is still a steady growth  in various crimes, said Taesun Kang, president of the Federation.

Right now, the most important thing is for the owners themselves to take charge of the situation and prevent their stores from being damaged, Kang added.  We are working closely with the police department to come up with effective ways to prevent crimes. 

On July 20, a thief entered a Korean-owned grocery store in the northern Bronx by drilling a hole through the roof; he or she stole $2,500 worth of goods and cash. Another Korean store nearby suffered similar losses. On Aug. 1, in a warehouse near the Hunts Point Market, two armed robbers shot an Asian man and took $3,000 in cash. </text>
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              <text>The winds of renovation are in the air in East Harlem. The work environment is characteristic of our neighborhoodpeople paint, clean, and repair to the sounds of salsa and meringue. Those not moved by the wave of renovations fear that property values will go up and low-income Latino families will be forced to find new homes in other areas.</text>
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              <text>The winds of renovation are in the air in East Harlem. They gust into our daily lives as a group of workers pours asphalt on Park Avenue while others put the finishing touches on the new, luxury laundromat on 116th Street; nearby buildings are being restored and new restaurants are popping up. The work environment is characteristic of our neighborhoodpeople paint, clean, and repair to the sounds of salsa and meringue.

Others sit at desks, brainstorming and strategizing how to improve the quality of life in El Barrio, a predominantly low-income, Latino neighborhood. They think up complicated plans that will pass through many stages of revision before they are approved, plans that will make possible the opening of a little store on 106th Street (there are only two employees but the owner hopes to have four after six months), and the reconstruction of the famous, fifty-year-old La Marqueta under the Park Avenue bridge.

This phenomenon of revitalization, which recently swept through neighborhoods like Williamsburg, Brooklyn and Lower Manhattan and continues to be seen in parts of The Bronx, is taking El Barrio by storm.

You dont have to look far to see these changes: the northern end of Madison Avenue at 117th Street is totally different than it was two years ago. Nine new buildings, pristine and elaborately decorated, are almost ready to be occupied, and others welcome children in school uniforms. The Pathmark on 125th Street is running strong, a new shopping plaza is slated to open soon, and a large company inaugurated an automobile dealership.

This phenomenon was not unforeseen, rather the result of years of slower changes. Over the last 10 years the New York City Housing Authority invested $605 million in restoring old buildings in El Barrio.
	
Without a doubt, the neighborhood will be safer and more beautiful in five years, but also more expensive. These are the two faces of economic development.

We are supporting new investments and the construction of new buildings that will attract middle-income people in an area which has traditionally housed low-income tenants, says Henry Calderón, president of the Chamber of Commerce of East Harlem. In the last two years the Chamber of Commerce has built or restored more than 600 homes for families with an annual income of $60,000 or more, while in the 1980s residents income did not exceed $30,000. 

There are reasons why New Yorkers in general feel attracted to this neighborhood. El Barrio is a fantastic area, an essential part of New York and its close to Central Park and the FDR Drive.

Those not moved by the wave of renovations fear that property values will go up and low-income Latino families will be forced to find new homes in other areas. These changes are not without a price.

In five years, the population will be displaced by other groups. This displacement will be a little slower than in other areas that experienced this after September 11th, 2001, explains Yolanda Sánchez, president of the Puerto Rican Association for Community Affairs (PRACA) and community activist for more than 40 years.
	
No one wants to keep the neighborhood in ruins, but we worry that we will have to leave when it gets too expensive, says Leonilda García, El Barrio resident for over 10 years.
	
If the process is truly irreversible, then there are also ways out. There are different strategies of economic development. We can cultivate local businesses or bring in large investors, or at least try to achieve a balance between the two, says Javier Llanos, district manager and chief advisor of economic development for Community Board 11.
	
To facilitate development, organizations like the Upper Manhattan Empowerment Zone, the East Harlem Business Capital Corporation, NERVE, and East Harlem for Community Improvement, among others can provide advice, technical assistance, and training to residents and local businesses so they can benefit from these changes.
	
The American economic system demands that when there is competition one must offer better quality at a better price. Some small businesses feel threatened by larger ones, but they must adapt, explains Calderón. El Barrio will continue to be a Latino neighborhood if Latinos decide to buy homes in the neighborhood and raise their children here, he adds.
	
El Barrio continues to be one of the most economically depressed areas of the city, with high levels of unemployment compared to the national average and a severe lack of access to health care. However, the name of East Harlem may have other connotations in five years. Lets hope that these winds of change keep blowing strong, while Latino music keeps sounding loud.</text>
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              <text>Despite the managements and board of directors efforts, the tenants of the subsidized co-op Warbass in South Brooklyn, overwhelmingly rejected privatizing the co-op. Further, the tenants, Russian-speaking Social Security recipients and low-income American senior citizens worked to defeat the privatization measure, refused to even explore privatizing Warbass.</text>
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              <text>Despite management and board of directors efforts, the tenant and shareholders of the subsidized co-op Warbass in South Brooklyn, overwhelmingly rejected privatizing the co-op. Further, the members refused even to explore privatizing Warbass. 

Russian-speaking Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients and low-income American senior citizens worked to defeat the privatization measure. 

We chronicled the struggle that led up to this vote  it wasnt always clear whether the outcome would favor of low-wage and immigrant residents. Heres what I reported just a month ago (on May 24, 2002): 

* * * * * * * * 
South Brooklyn: Clash in the Co-ops, by Arkady Kagan. 
&lt;i&gt;Letter from a Russian Russian Forward Reader&lt;/i&gt;
Hello respected editor! In your newspaper, in mid-January, you published the conditions for conducting a housing lottery in the subsidized cooperative Amalgamated Warbass Houses. A month earlier, all tenants and shareholders of that cooperative were sent a letter signed by the management and board of directors, in which they discussed the upcoming plan to privatize Warbass. Later we received a lengthy document entitled Questions and Answers about privatization. And finally, in April of this year, we were invited to an extraordinary gathering of shareholders in a Brooklyn school named after Abraham Lincoln, in order to discuss a vote to study the questions surrounding transferring the co-op from the Mitchell Lama program (government subsidized) to privatization. 

Even those who speak English well couldnt understand anything in all these contrivances. Given that, you can imagine the situation for many of our elderly immigrants, who havent mastered the language. Clearly this is a very serious legal question, yet a legal analysis or consultation with a lawyer has been nowhere to be found. Management and the board of directors are located, as they say, behind the seventh lock, and its impossible to clarify anything. Help us figure this out. 

I urge you not to publish my name, and not to show my letter in the management office. Why? In the beginning of the dispatch the Warbass board of directors sent in December, they refer to their numerous appeals to shareholders over the last several years, requesting privatization. Look, except for governing members of our co-op, the only ones interested in privatization are those illegally moving into Warbass. We think they bribed their way in and subsequently wasted several thousand more dollars on renovating and altering the apartments. Now, naturally, they want the right to transfer their apartments through inheritance, or to sell them at market prices. Theyre not concerned about the sharp increase in monthly maintenance costs and the necessity of turning over 50 percent of the profits from the sale of the apartments to the heads of the co-op. But what about the poorer residents of Warbass? 

&lt;i&gt;The Russian Forward replied&lt;/i&gt; 
In order to understand the course of events at the Warbass co-op, you have to know its present day advantages: the peaceful, safe, green region its located in; the active neighborhood community and patrols; the average monthly rent (between $300-$400, including gas and electricity); and the very low cost of purchasing apartments (from $9,000 to $13,000 for a one-bedroom). Now I hope its clear why there is such agitation around the fate of this co-op. I can imagine the outraged reaction of Russian Forward readers who took part in the recently advertised housing lottery in Warbass. So if the idea of privatization has seized the masses (privatization requires a minimum of two-thirds of shareholders votes), here its already commonly understood that you cant talk about the lottery, housing delays and general cheapness. But initially, the board of directors requires the support of a majority of the co-op in order to, as our reader communicated, conduct a study concerning a move to privatization. So far, the board of directors has had no luck: at an extraordinary shareholders gathering on April 28, 51 percent of those eligible to vote opposed such a study. 

The board of directors and management faced sharp criticism from the opponents. They asked, on what basis was the co-op planning to keep for itself 50 percent of the profits from any future sales of the privatized apartments by their owners? Why the relatively low reimbursements for residents who rejected privatization, and why would they be offered only for the upcoming 3-4 years? Whose idea was it to try to pacify SSI (Supplemental Security Income) recipients and poor clients of Social Security with stories of the advantages of the rent freeze program for apartment payments and stabilized rent, which offer absolutely zero compared to todays subsidized housing costs? Why mislead those who wish to move into Warbass with announcements of new housing lotteries? 

You cant say that the board of directors has avoided answering these tough questions. The desire to get away from state control and make some good money (the market price for a one-bedroom apartment in Warbass right now is approaching $80,000) is inducing the heads of the co-op to seek victory at any price over the vacillating shareholders. If you think, respected reader, that being rebuffed at the last meeting caused the board of directors to retreat, I will hurry to disappoint you: The Russian Forward has learned about the preparation being done in anticipation of a June 6 meeting and urgent vote on the question of studying privatization process. Now Russian-speaking co-op members are being lobbied in their native language, with references to the tragic events of September 11, 2001, the well-known decline in the level of the economy, the rising costs of oil and gas, and even the war in Afghanistan. In other words, we must all quickly vote for privatization, or the accused bin Laden will have won. 

Its not as if Warbass management doesnt know about the annual, limitless rent increase for tenants in all New York private co-ops. Its not like the board of directors havent heard about the arbitrariness of co-op management, which from time to time fixes excessively high prices for maintenance. And of course, its impossible to compare the control of management in private and government subsidized co-ops. Its enough to attentively read the pages of the Russian Forward about the suffering of co-op members who cant seem to get the attention of the New York State attorney general. The more the board of directors repeats, like an incantation, that no one will ever force senior citizens and poor people to sell their apartments or move, the less shareholders believe them. 

I dont want to give to much attention to the question of bribes, which our reader addressed in her letter to the Russian Forward, but this entire story of privatization once again confirms: in subsidized housing, residents need the government not only for generous subsides, but its watchful eye as well. 

* * * * * * * * 
As soon as it became clear that this popular residential community wanted nothing to do with privatization, the management finally agreed to conduct the housing lottery that they had initially advertised back in January of this year. Three hundred and fifty happy people out of several thousand applicants received notification of their success and forthcoming inclusion (after some conversations and provision of the necessary documents) in the line for the favorable apartments. Those who didnt luck out had their sealed envelopes and money orders returned. 

Now the big concern of the residents of Warbass is the maintenance costs. From July 1, this cost increased 7.5 percent, and in the upcoming year, it threatens to increase by another 10 percent. A lot depends on the position of the New York State legislature, capable of influencing the dimensions of subsidy assistance for cooperatives. Voters who live in subsidized co-ops in the 46th district should ask State Assemblywoman Adele Cohen and to State Assembly candidate Susan Lasher how they propose to finance the housing complexes in the next year. 

Meanwhile, the New York Supreme Court announced a decision that will be good for residents and apartment owners of so-called pseudo-cooperatives. Well recall that the sponsors (landlords) often sell only 15 to 20 percent of apartments in their buildings, leaving them, the landlords, the owners of the rest, but avoiding rent regulations, which dont apply in co-ops. The State Supreme Court, reviewing the suit prepared by lawyer Stuart Saft, chairman of the board of the Council of New York Cooperatives &amp; Condominiums, unanimously decided that the landlords were obliged to sell all apartments in converted buildings quickly. The Courts decision affects hundreds of New York cooperatives, including those in South Brooklyn, Riverdale in the Bronx, and central Queensregions of housing complexes where tens of thousands of Russian-speaking immigrants reside.</text>
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