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                  <text>The Independent Press Association (IPA) translates articles from the ethnic press (when necessary) and distributes them via web and fax newsletter to mainstream and ethnic press, government offices, nonprofits, and interested individuals.  Voices That Must be Heard was designed by the Independent Press Association staff in New York City in response to the horrifying events of September 11.  After Sept. 11th, Voices focused on the South Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern communities in New York. Since February 2002, the project has expanded, selecting articles from the broad range of ethnic and community newspapers throughout the city. Here, the Archive has preserved the Voices collection from its inception until November 2002.</text>
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              <text>Among family and friends Lyudochka was always the leader. Wherever we were, whatever we were doing, if Lyudochka arrived, everything became warmer and happier, and any sorrows or bad moods disappeared. Our hearts ache unbearably to think that this will never be the case again.</text>
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              <text>In 1956, when Lyudochka Zak  was 18-years-old, she not only read the novel Two Captains by Veniamin Kaverin, but she also fell in love with its heroesSanya Grigoriyev and Katya Tatarinov. A girl from an intellectual family, and one who truly loved reading about beautiful and brave people, Lyudochka always remembered to struggle and search, to discover, and never give up. She not only remembered, but often acted according to these rules of Kaverins heroes.

Lyudochka was a native Muscovite. She loved her city and did everything possible to be happy there. She was admitted to one of the most selective academic establishments, Moscow's Bauman High Technical School (BHTS), which rarely admitted Jewish applicants. Here again she was served by the mottos of Kaverins heroes. Her studies at BHTS were very difficult, but our Lyudochka was a strong person. She became a good engineer, a loving wife to Boris Maxovich Prokhorov, and a kind, devoted mother to her daughter Natasha. 

Among those close to herfamily, friends and co-workersshe was always a leader. Wherever we were, whatever we were doing, if Lyudochka arrived, everything became warmer and happier, and any sorrows or bad moods disappeared. Our hearts ache unbearably to think that this will never be the case again.

People in Moscow had been talking about the musical Nord-Ost for several years, since the time when the authors were only just beginning to work on it. The libretto is based on Kaverins Two Captains, and Lyudochka and Boris Prokhorov were looking forward to meeting the heroes of their youth. A world-class musical was the reaction from critics and audiences after its premiere. From its opening, audiences included people of all ages, so among the Chechen rebels hostages were young children, as well as those already retired and on their pensions, who were very dear to usLyudochka and Boris.

Boris is still alive and called us from the hospital. The call was an alert: he couldnt find Lyudochka. For more than three days, Natasha searched for her mama with Lyudochkas brother Georgii. After the gas attacks, her face was so changed that it was impossible to recognize her. They called their relatives in America many times. When they found her, she had a watch in her hand; a gift from one of us on a previous visit to Moscow. 

Boris is still in the hospital. And Lyudochkawith enormous difficulties Lyudochka was given a funeralfor free. Yet this free funeral cost those of us close to her a great deal. 

For us, her relatives, it remains only to remember this person who was so dear to us, and to implore God to save those who are innocent of evil acts on this earth.

&lt;i&gt;Written by Leonid and Lyudmila Sandler, Sofia Kabak and Isaac Gurvitz.&lt;/i&gt;</text>
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              <text>Getting absorbed in pre-election excitement, I really got a feel for the rhythms and impulses of the people around me. By including myself in their work, I was trying to discern the motives driving these volunteers. I learned that one thing that distinguishes America from other countries is that it helps people whether or not theyve spent their entire lives here. </text>
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              <text>Getting absorbed in pre-election excitement, I really got a feel for the rhythms and impulses of the people around me. The content of what they were spending their energy on also energized me. Including myself in their work in order to genuinely get to know the situation, I was trying to discern the motives driving these people. Many of them worked in a volunteer capacity. This is not surprising. After all, one thing that distinguishes America from other countries is that it helps people whether or not theyve spent their entire lives here. 

I first encountered this aspect of American culture in December 2001, when a very sick seven-year-old boy named Farkhod Nazarov, who was born with a heart defect, came here from the far reaches of Tadjikistan entirely at the expense of people who had never met him. He was met at the airport, settled in a special hotel for sick children called the Ronald McDonald House, and had a heart operation in a Bronx hospital. The organization Gift of Life, which had put all this together contributed a total of $5,000. The remaining sum in the amount of $35,000 to $50,000 dollars, including the cost of the operation, nurse services, and medical personnel, was covered by donors and volunteers. Doctors, nurses, and others worked for free. Additional costs included food and living quarters for the boy and his father in the special hospital for the duration of more than a month and a half. And, most importantly, volunteers worked to provide the boy with moral and psychological support in Russian, his native language, so that he wouldnt be socially uncomfortable because he doesnt speak English. The boy is now completely recovered and in the second grade, and thanks America for giving him a second chance at life. This is not a unique story. Such is the work done by this organization, which helps sick children from all corners of the earth: Korea, Russia, China, Albania, India, among other countries. And a significant role is played by volunteers, who help by buying groceries, translating for the children, assisting them with little life details while they are in this country with one of their parents, and acquainting them with the sights of the city.

Volunteering for the Republican clubs People of Pataki effort, I was again convinced of the altruistic desire to help other people. Here, young and old people, of different races and ethnicities, different professions and social statuses, all worked together. Some were making phone calls to remind people about the upcoming election, some worked on computers, some were out hanging posters on streets, and some sorted mail from voters. The office was in constant motion. People arrived, people left. Not a minute passed without the being interrupted by telephone calls, with callers asking for a representative of some organization or other,  or providing an update on future tasks, and so on. Ill say openly that the volunteers reaction to the telephone calls varied: some happily took messages, some said that they werent interested, and some expressed their point of view on this matter in unfavorable terms. But those actually on the phones were much more optimistic. The volunteers took a loyal, competent, and upbeat approach. The attitudes of people to volunteering varied, and in several cases, were unique. For example, an energetic young woman, Lucy Guevaro, said, I help here as a volunteer. I call people to remind them of the election. I do this with great pleasure, knowing that Im doing something useful.

Diane, a middle-aged woman with a bright expression and artistic face, said, By calling people and reminding them about the election, Im supporting Governor Pataki. For many who havent decided who to cast their vote for, I provide concrete facts, so they can make an informed decision. In any case, I always push them in a positive direction regardless of who theyre going to vote for. Since 1952, Ive helped this party as a volunteer. I think its very important. If people just do whatever they want, then what they give is what they get. If a person doesnt work, doesnt participate in the process, then he shouldnt complain about what he has. Democracy means participation in the process. We shouldnt wait for someone to do it for us; wed be waiting forever. Many people dont want to have a solitary life, so let them take what they get and not complain about their lives. Me, I like to complain, and for that reason Im here.

But the most surprising answer came from a volunteer who wasnt registered with either party, and had lived here in America for 22 years. Im talking about our fellow countrywoman Elena Drosdov-Gregori, who lives in Astoria, Queens. She said, when I was studying in the Maurice Torres Institute of Foreign Languages in Moscow, I didnt go vote on election day because I was sick. The next day I was called into the Deans office. I was convinced of the total lack of secrecy in the Soviet electoral system, and of these individuals. This spurred in me a particular relationship to voting that has remained with me to this day, even though Ive already lived here for quite some time. The entire time Ive been in this country, I havent seen a political statesman or public figure to measure up to John F. Kennedy. And when I saw the poster of the candidate running for New York State Assembly, Gail Hilson, my writers intuition told me that this woman has a big future. This is the first woman who, after many years, could become the president of the country, because she has all the qualities that John F. Kennedy had. The next day I went to her office; Ive already been volunteering for several weeks now. 

It should be said that this unusual volunteer handled all manner of things, and several times decorated the office of the Republican club with yellow balloons (the color of hope for victory) and organized a dinner for many volunteers, where, under one roof, two clubs peacefully co-existed: Metropolitan Republican Club, and People of Pataki. Of course, here people didnt only work, but also chatted over a quick dinner, showing the excellent relationship among all volunteers, and their particular knowledge of the countries from which they all came. The leader of the 65th electoral district in Manhattan, Peter McCoy, organized the clubs work efficiently, thinking of the smallest of details. He was supported by the volunteers David Casavas, Jay Rickman, Secrick OConnor, who live in Park Slope, Brooklyn, among others. And even after the election, when the vote count still wasnt complete because many people voted using Absentee and Emergency Ballots, so many volunteers continued to help in these clubs, simply because the work was not yet finished. 

Several outstanding volunteers received recognition from Gov. George Pataki himself, who sent them letters of appreciation. In his letter,  Pataki says that victory in elections is only possible when thousands of volunteers, reaching out to other people, can ensure their readiness to vote. Indicating the progress made in the last 7.5 yearspassage of particular legislation, the creation of new jobs, the strengthening of the economy, improvements in education and the rise in public safetyhe concluded with the new and complicated problems residents of New York now face. Pataki underscored the importance of volunteers and voters choices in determining the future of the state. He thanked volunteers once again for their help and support, itself an indication of the important work they were doing to help him win, and to help continue to make New York great and strong.

At the height of the work leading up to the election, New York State Secretary Randy Daniels stopped by the Republican clubs People of Pataki office in Manhattan. In an amazing speech, he conveyed total enthusiasm, optimism, and incandescence. In as much as his talk was eloquent and beautiful, he generated great enthusiasm and admiration from the volunteers. Emphasizing the role of volunteers, he ended by calling special attention to the efforts of this particular group: their activeness and support for George Pataki as members of different parties with up to 500 people from Brooklyn registered as Democrats who supported the candidacy of our Governor. After his speech, he introduced himself to every individual volunteer, shaking each ones hand, looking attentively into their eyes, and taking an active interest in each person, asking them what they did, and where they were from. I had the opportunity to get to know him better, and show him an edition of our newspaper that included a picture of him standing with New York State Senate candidate Salvatore Grupico, when they were at an awards ceremony at the Grand Prospect Hall. He was interested in the pre-election campaign coverage in our community, so I also provided him with others copies of our publications.

Were already well-acquainted with the level of activity in the recent election. Lets look at one case study. In the electoral precinct where I wound up working, there were six voting machines. The lowest number of registered voters was in our district; 577 in all. The total number of votes cast was 227, so about 39.4 percent of registered votesr. Voting activity throughout the day occurred with growing intensity. The percentage of voters increased approximately 22.4 percent compared to the previous electoral campaign. And even though two machines stopped working in the course of the day, and some voters had to vote using emergency ballots, the optimism of the volunteers at the polling site didnt flag. Site coordinators Steven Cole and Mariana Blume commented on the coordination and efficiency of the site, as did election inspectors. In the course of a short period of time we needed two additional voting machines. And the work continued with even more energy.

After the election and the verification of the results, Mariana Blume and I went to the victory celebration for New York State Senator Marty Golden. The victory party took place at Bay Ridge Manner Restaurant. In spite of a drenching rain, the hall of the restaurant was completely filled with representatives from the Republican and Democratic parties who had supported Goldens candidacy. There were more than a thousand people there. And throughout all the congratulatory speeches, the first thing to be highlighted was the role of volunteers. Among the speakers were the chairman of the Democratic club, and member of the State Assembly Dov Hikind, City Councilmember Simcha Feld, chairman of the Republican club Hy Singer, leader of the Republican party for the 46th electoral district Oleg Gutnik, and many others. Marty Golden gave the most wonderful thank-you, extending his great respect and admiration to all those who had supported him, calling from the hall first one, then another person to the stage, to show them his gratitude. After the ceremony, he spoke to many others, whom he greeted as friends. I was introduced to Marty Golden who thanked me sincerely for coming, adding that he was well-acquainted with Oleg Gutnik from our community.

The role of volunteers in American life and politics is very important.  The most significant factor in this is the mentality of Americans, who consistently help new immigrants arriving in this land of freedom. Here, free elections are a bedrock element of the country. And volunteering here is no small factor in improving living conditions for all. We need to learn this lesson  and not miss the opportunity to provide help to those in need.
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              <text>We mourn not only what we lost on that September morning, but what we could have gained in the months after. September 11th presented this nation with a unique opportunity. America could have emerged a new nation, humbled by the colossal cost of empire. We could have joined the international community with our hand extended in peace.</text>
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              <text>Looking back: One year after September 11th, by Hamdan Yousuf, Mirror International, 11 September 2002. English Language.

This week, we commemorate the first anniversary of September 11th. We remember the selfless heroism of the rescue workers who died in the line of duty. We pride ourselves on how this nation bonded together after the attacks. It is such things that make one proud to be an American, for truly what makes America great is its people.

As we look back on this last year, we cannot help but mourn our loss.

However, of greater distress is not what we lost on that September morning, but what we could have gained in the months after. September 11th presented this nation with a unique opportunity. The United States could have forsaken its destructive ways and returned to the non-interventionist policy of self-preservation pursued by its founding fathers. America could have emerged a new nation, humbled by the colossal cost of empire. We could have joined the international community with our hand extended in peace.

Yet, after September 11th, America resumed its self-appointed post as the worlds police officer. The first thing we did was launch the War on Terror to punish those who had attacked us. However, it soon became clear that this new war was excessively broad in
scope with no end in sight. Anger towards the United States increased as more and more people began to view the war as an exercise in imperialism, designed to expand our military empire. We installed a puppet government in Afghanistan and sent our soldiers there to protect our colony. 
 

Even now, a full year after our president vowed to capture Osama bin Laden dead or alive, Al Qaeda and its leader still remain at large. Yet the bombs keep dropping, killing innocent women and children. Now attacks against foreigners in Pakistan have become a daily occurrence, and Afghanistans leader, Hamid Karzai, narrowly escaped an attempt on his life just a few days ago. Massive protests have erupted in the Philippines, the latest front in the war on terror, with chants of Go Home Yankees dominating the scene. One must ask what Mr. Bushs war has accomplished, while keeping in mind that Al Qaeda is still strong and Mr. bin Laden remains alive.

The Middle East is another region where American foreign policy needs improvement. Instead of running pro-American ads aimed at reducing animosity towards us in the Arab world, we should concentrate on revitalizing the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. More importantly, we should attempt to alleviate the suffering of the Palestinians, since desperation is what creates terror.

Perhaps what is most disturbing in light of last falls events is the presidents desire to invade Iraq. It prompts the question: Have we learned nothing? The same policy of pre-emption that allows Mr. Bush to attack his fathers nemesis invites other countries to do the same. If Mr. Bush invades Iraq, he can expect terrorists to adopt a first-strike policy towards us as well.

However numerous Americas faults are, its people are not one of them. The American people are the most tolerant, diverse and freedom-loving people in the world. If September 11th had one benefit, it was that it stimulated people to think. People began to ask questions and wonder aloud why so many people hated America. This new awareness among the American people sparked outrage at the Justice Departments attack on civil liberties. Secret trials, eavesdropping on the Internet, racial profiling and mass detentions dont represent the essence of America. The American people understood that an America without freedom and liberty wouldnt be an America any of us would want to live in. 

So, in a sense, America has changed since September 11th. The American people are now at the apex of geopolitical awareness. However, our government continues down the road of imperialism and belligerence. At times like this, it is helpful to look to history for guidance. In referring to the Roman Empire, a historian once noted that when a nation-state places greater emphasis on military ventures than it does on providing for its people, the nation-state has become an empire. This statement could not be more applicable to contemporary America, where, although poverty levels are on the rise, military expenditure continues to increase. So, as we approach the anniversary of the day that changed us all, we should ask ourselves, did it really change us at all?

&lt;i&gt;Hamdan Yousuf is a student at the Bronx High School of Science in New York and a contributor to the Mirror. &lt;/i&gt;</text>
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              <text>As the number of Korean patients rapidly increases, hospitals in Bergen County, New Jersey, are setting up hubs to provide services in Korean and secure Korean medical staff.  

Because most Koreans do not have medical insurance and have trouble using hospital facilities due to the language barrier, the hospitals will develop services to accommodate them.

Teanecks Holy Name Hospital, for instance, is promoting various projects for its Korean patients, such as recruiting volunteer interpreters for patients who do not speak English fluently and hiring a greater number of Korean doctors.  

Kevin McCarthy, assistant director of the Holy Name Hospital, said, The biggest problem that has been pointed out to us is the difficulties that our Korean patients experience because of the language barrier.  The Korean population in the region is rapidly growing, and we will try to provide more convenient medical services for them.

David Chung, M.D., who works at Holy Name as a volunteer physician, said, I treat Korean patients who come to the Holy Name Hospital because I want to return the profits I earn from the Korean-American community.  The Holy Name Hospital serves the Korean elderly who have little or no insurance, as well as retired Korean patients, and seeks to give them better health care.

Pascack Valley Hospital, in Westwood, plans to open a medical center run by Korean physicians in Closter; Englewood Hospital hiring Korean nurses and teaching the staff.  

Many hospital facilities are distributing Korean-language pamphlets. 

These are just a few of the steps hospital facilities are beginning to take to serve their Korean patients. 

Although there are no complete translator services available for Korean patients yet, some translator services are available through the AT&amp;T phone company, said Joseph Chung, an obstetrician who works as a clinical instructor at the Hackensack University Hospital. 

We [at Englewood Hospital] provide services for Koreans and other minority patients and their families through a hospital-run language bank and telephone companies.  As long as you notify your physician ahead of time, anyone can take advantage of the services, said one interpreter there.</text>
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              <text>A leading demographer has found that there are 18 percent more Jews in America than earlier reports have stated. The survey sets the stage for a debate over whom should be counted as a Jew; the communitys perception of itself as either withering or thriving; and the crucial communal policy and funding decisions made by Jewish organizations.</text>
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              <text>On the eve of a much-anticipated national Jewish population survey, a leading demographer has found that there are 18 percent more Jews in America than earlier reports have stated. 

In a new national survey to be released this week, Gary Tobin, president of the San Francisco-based Institute for Jewish Community Research, reveals that 6.7 million Americans say that Judaism is their primary religious or ethnic identification. That is significantly more than the 5.5 million people in the core Jews category reported by the 1990 National Jewish Population Survey (NJPS). 

Tobins study found an additional 2.5 million respondents who he terms Jewishly connected non-Jews. Those people said, among other things, that they practice Judaism as a secondary religion; that their spouse or other household member is Jewish; that they have one Jewish parent but do not themselves identify as Jews; or that they simply feel Jewish in their hearts, Tobin said. 

That totals 9.2 million people  1 million more Jews and non-Jews who live with Jews than were found by the 1990 NJPS. 

In addition, Tobins study estimates that another 4.1 million Americans report having some Jewish blood, though they are not Jewish themselves, because they have a Jewish grandparent or other relative (besides a parent). 

That population was not measured on the 1990 NJPS. 

The new survey brings the total to 13.3 million Americans who are linked in some way to Judaism and the Jewish people, according to Tobin, who says that it is a far higher number than anyone has previously estimated. 

More than the numbers themselves, Tobins survey, which is likely to spark much controversy, sets the stage for a debate over whom should be counted as a Jew; the communitys perception of itself as either withering or thriving; and the crucial communal policy and funding decisions made by Jewish organizations and private foundations that will flow from the demographic data. 

Coming just a month before the National Jewish Population Study 2000 findings are slated to be unveiled by the United Jewish Communities (UJC), Tobins survey is being seen as a major salvo in the inreach/outreach debate over the best way to ensure Jewish continuity. 

As a result of the NJPS in 1990, for example, inreach and outreach programs designed to intensify levels of Jewish learning and behavior have proliferated. Inreach proponents believe the best way to ensure continuity is to focus on core Jews; outreach proponents believe reaching out to those on the margins is a more effective strategy. 

Tobin, a vocal proponent of the big tent approach to reaching out to Jews, is a sharp critic of the terminology, as well as methodology, employed by much of the Jewish establishment in its discussions of continuity over the past decade. 

Calling people core and non-core Jews is so insulting, he said, referring to language used in the 1990 NJPS analysis. They are really ways of saying Either youre a good Jew or youre not,  Tobin said. 

If the organized Jewish community wants to say Feh, they dont go to synagogue, or Oh no, theres a gentile in the house, they are discounting these people in ways guaranteed to make them feel excluded, Tobin said, who calls the 1990 NJPS the 1990 Hysterical Intermarriage Study. That survey found put the intermarriage figure at 52 percent. 

I do see the number of Jews growing, Tobin said. Some of it may be because of Russian and Israeli immigration to this country. But a lot of it is because the sociological network of Jews is growing, he said, referring to people who may not be technically Jewish but who feel close to Judaism and may observe aspects of it. 

Its a fluid continuum, he said, contrasting that image with the inner core/outer ring model presented by other demographers. 

Tobin attributes the discrepancy in his numbers to his use of a more sensitive questionnaire than that used by the NJPS; the fact that he conducted preliminary tests of screening questions; and weighted the findings to account for groups  Russian immigrants, Israelis and Orthodox Jews  whose members frequently refuse to disclose their Jewishness to telephone interviewers. 

We picked up more people who anyone would call Jewish because we eased into the survey much more broadly and gently than other surveys have, asking several questions about heritage and cultural identity before asking directly if someone is Jewish, so people were more likely to engage. 

Tobins survey was carried out by the Washington, D.C.-based polling company Market Facts. Over 10,000 people were interviewed through random phone number dialing between July 2001 and June 2002, and 250 households expressed some relationship to Judaism. The NJPS 2000 study has a sampling of 4,500 households. 

Tobin says the margin of error is minute but demurred from giving a specific percentage. He also declined to say how much the study cost and who funded it. 

Another key difference in Tobins method of counting is that We dont exclude people who are sociologically and psychologically Jewish but arent religiously Jewish. 

Because these techniques have not been routinely applied to past demographic studies, Jews have been systematically undercounted for decades, said Tobin. 

Much of the doom and gloom from some Jewish demographers about the diminishing Jewish community comes from faulty research that has failed to capture the true dimensions of the Jewish population in the United States, he said. 

Critics of Tobins survey werent surprised by his numbers. 

Given intermarriage rates and the deep level of Jewish integration into all parts of American society, its no surprise that there are an awful lot of people intimately linked with Jews who may even see themselves as Jewish, said Steve Bayme, director of Contemporary Jewish Life at the American Jewish Committee. 

The problem is that they arent living a Jewish life in any meaningful way, he said. Ive always found the core Jewish population to have the most meaningful expression of Jewish commitment. 

Im not sure the outer group is all that meaningful in the debate over Jewish continuity, except to indicate that Jews have more friends out there than ever, he said. 

Unlike the UJC studies, Tobins population survey does not measure intermarriage or other critical issues related to Jewish behavior, but simply assessed the size of the community. 

UJC officials would not comment on Tobins study, saying they havent seen the figures. In a statement, they said the NJPS 2000 is the most wide-ranging [study] ever of the American Jewish population, based on sample size and range of questions. Once the survey results are released, it will stand as the most definitive portrait of the American Jewish community and will serve as a reference point for the next decade. 

Next on Tobins agenda, he said, is to further analyze the behavior and attitude of those who identify themselves as cultural Jews. 

For now, Tobin says, he is satisfied that the data he gathered indicates that there is real life going on out there, and there are mixtures of households and ideologies and identifications among Jews because thats what America is like. 

The reality is that who is a Jew is wider than most people in the Jewish establishment define it. People are out there being Jewish in different ways, he said. In American religious life, people pick and choose and combine and recombine all the time, said Tobin. Jews are part of that. 
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              <text>For months, a group of five African-American employees at NBC-TV had complained about racism at the station, but hardly anyone would listen, particularly after the company declared that the charges were unfounded. 

But this wasnt enough to persuade Federal Judge Shira Scheindlin from taking a closer look at the complaint. She later ruled that the employees had a legitimate case and could haul the company into court if they wished. 

Armed with this 130-page decision, they wasted no time in instructing their attorney, Bendeicht Morelli, to pursue the lawsuit, which seeks $200 million in damages. 

Cory Shields, NBCs vice president for corporate communications, denied the allegations and told the Amsterdam News that the company was fully prepared to rebut every single accusation. 

NBC always takes claims of this kind very seriously, Shields said. We thoroughly investigated these charges when they were first brought to our attention and determined that they were without merit.

Shields said the company is please the court dismissed a majority of the claims made in the lawsuit. 

In the lawsuit, the employees said they were subjected to pervasive racial and sexual harassment at the hands of supervisors who posted racist cartoons, made sexist comments and denied them job opportunities that were given to their white counterparts. 

The lawsuit alleged that a female supervisor gave preferential treatment to male workers, especially those with whom she flirted. 

Kyle Little, one for the plaintiffs in the lawsuit, noted that workers were often encouraged to watch a tape of an employee  dressed in blackface that was broadcast over the NBCs closed circuit monitors. 

Little said that last year, he saw a noose hanging in a maintenance shop with the name of a Black colleague on it. Several plaintiffs said they also felt threatened by Ku Klux Klan robes hanging in the offices. 

Plaintiff Julie Perez testified that she was physically menaced by a white male coworker and was the frequent object of suggestive and crude comments. Office walls, she said, had sexual related cartoon and poster on them. She also alleged that white men got better assignments, training and benefits. 

NBC has vehemently denied the allegations, saying they wouldnt fly in court when the facts are put on the table. These lies are perpetrated by a bunch of disgruntled employees, a company statement asserted. 

Little said he was very pleased with the judges decision. The chicken has finally come home to roost, he declared, adding that the judges ruling was thorough, fair and based on her opinion of the law. 

There is a systemic culture of racism that exist within NBC and I applaud Judge Scheindlin for recognizing it, Little said. 

Another plaintiff, John Rivera, said he felt that when he first started to go after the company he was standing at sea level looking up at Mt. Everest. I am ecstatic to have the opportunity to make the case in a public forum, he said, stressing that its time the public became aware of how minorities and women are treated in the white-male-do</text>
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              <text>&lt;i&gt;"We are not criminals, but we are treated as such. We do not even know what the future holds for us. We are not certain whether we will ever be freed, deported or remained jailed."&lt;/i&gt;

The man being treated like a criminal is one of about 200 Pakistanis being held on immigration violations in the Passaic County Jail in Paterson, New Jersey. For the first time, civil liberties and immigration lawyers say, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) is selectively enforcing its laws, not to control immigration but to pursue a criminal investigation.  Nor are the laws enforced always so clear.

The judges are not judges anymore, basing decisions on their judgment of the law, says Sarah Hogarth, director of the National Lawyers Guilds 9/11 project. They are just taking instructions from the INS.  Judges who do make their own decisions, reports the New Jersey Law Journal, may find their decisions overturned by the INS or Justice Department.

Were seeing the strictistoverly strictapplication of INS laws to keep people detained, said Claudia Slovinsky, Esq., an immigration  lawyer who is representing several detainees.   

Immigration statutes are the mechanism used to hold people while [the US government] performs terrorism investigations, said Manny Vargas, Esq. Vargas is a lawyer with the Immigrant Defense Project, New York State Defenders Association. He explained that this development is particularly dangerous because, while the criminal justice system guarantees rights to those accused of crimesespecially the right to counsel, those rights are not particularly attached to immigration proceedings, he said. 

Detainees are brought into closed hearings in full leg irons with hands shackled to their waist, report their lawyers. Guards unshackle a hand only to allow a prisoner to take an oath.  Conditions in the cells are even worse, report detainees. A man held in the federal Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn told his paralegal they suffer from 23 hour lockdown, lights blaring at all hours, no toilet paper, full strip searches, verbal abuse from guardsThe Paterson detainee asks, Why me?

"There are around 2 million Mexicans and others who can be arrested on the same grounds." he said. "It must be because I am a Muslim." 

Some immigration lawyers agree.  Many of those detained have been picked up on the authority of anonymous FBI tips, Claudia Slovinsky said. She called the detentions "racial profiling."

The detained man also feels abandoned by his own country, charging that the Pakistani consul neglects his countrymen who languish in American prisons.  [In an interview with the New York Times on December 20, the Pakistani vice consul reports visiting detainees but admits being in the dark on about 100 cases.] 

Consulates have enormous power to defend the rights of their nationals, working with U.S. lawyers.  With the help of a paralegal, the Canadian consulate in December pressured the INS to act on the case of a Pakistani-Canadian doctor arrested for illegally reentering the United States. Without consular support, Pakistani nationals may face even more trouble resolving their cases.

As many as half of those in detention are in Pakistan, according to U.S. Justice Department data analyzed by Mae Cheng in Newsday on Dec. 17th. Of the 563 cases on which the Justice Department released information, Cheng counted 204 Pakistanis.

 When Im visiting, it does seem the largest country is Pakistan, confirms Subhash Kateel of DRUM, a South Asian advocacy group working with about 20 detainees and their families. The second seems to be Egypt and the third seems to be India.

Even three months after September 11th, the INS continues to sweep largely South Asian neighborhoods for immigration violations, says Kateel. South Asian students here on H-1 visas are being visited and interviewed by the FBI.

Neighborhoods like Midwood (in Brooklyn) have been hit really hard, with the INS just picking people up. Elmhurst and Flushing, Astoria, Paterson and Jersey City too, says Kateel.

Even little-known, or previously unenforced, laws are now being cited as INS officials work more closely with law enforcement officials to detain non-citizens, say immigration lawyers.  For example, its little known that non-citizens must report any change of address within 10 days, said Vargas.  

With hundreds of people being detained, many without legal counsel, overworked human rights and civil liberties organizations recently met to better coordinate their legal support for the detainees. In mid-December, civil liberties groups held two meetings, one in New Jersey and one in New York City to plan their efforts.  In attendance were lawyers and others from The American Civil Liberties Union, Legal Aid Society, Center for Constitutional Rights, American Immigrant Lawyers Association, Coalition for the Human Rights of Immigrants, National Lawyers Guild, and Human Rights Education &amp; Law Project (HELP), a New Jersey group formed after September 11th to provide legal support and advocacy for detainees.  
	
Regionally were attempting to divvy up tasks amongst the different legal organizations, says Hogarth of NLG, who planned the New York meeting. We want to identify whos in detention, see who doesnt have lawyers and refer them to one. We dont have enough lawyers so we also want to identify and train them, and mentor them with more experienced lawyers.

Detainees have the right to a lawyer, but they do not have the right to a free lawyer, says Hogarth. Thats why the organizations are referring detainees to lawyers who will work for free. Because a detainees access to a phone is severely limited, immigrants should carry a lawyers phone number at all times so they easily call for help. 

Two important hotlines are now in operation. Those visited and questioned by the FBI can now call the ACLU to secure a lawyer in the (212-344-3005 x226, x224 or x240). At its hotline, HELP is accepting collect calls from detention centers and connecting detainees up with lawyers (973-676-5660).  

The lawyers work is cut out for them, not the least because the federal government is keeping two lists, a public list and a secret one. MacDonald Scott, a legal worker with the Coalition for the Human Rights of Immigrants, encountered the list while representing Shakir Ali Baloch, the Pakistani-Canadian doctor.  Scott found Dr. Baloch on the MDC prison roster one day, and told his wife in Canada to fly down, only to discover once shed arrived that her husband had been removed from the list.  Dr. Baloch had not yet been released, only made invisible by the secret list.

Families should know that when they call that they might not be told, says Hogarth. Also, if people are looking for people, chances are they are in New Jersey. HELP is maintaining lists of detainees in New Jersey. They are a good place to call.

The INS also moves detainees without warning, making it difficult for lawyers and supporters to find them again. The legal community is running around, says Hogarth of NLG. We cant even find our clients!  Subhash Kateel of DRUM says their volunteers have lost track of about 5 of the 20 detainees they have been working with.

Even minor violations of immigration law by those in the country legally can lead to a prolonged detention in the new post-September 11th world  detentions lasting two to three months. Abdul Sattar was taken into custody with two roommates from his home on Webster Venue in Brooklyn. Although his 1993 application for political asylum is under review, he was nabbed because his work permit expired a few months ago. He was held 48 days in the Passaic County Jail before being released on bail on Nov. 19. 

 The majority of the Pakistanis detained in the Paterson Prison are willing to be deported and return to Pakistan. Yet they cannot because of the slow pace of INS," says Sattar. 

After September 11, the INS extended the period of time non-citizens can be held for questioning, and permitted indefinite detention in "emergency" situations. The INS also adopted a rule allowing it to detain non-citizens even after an immigration judge orders their release for lack of evidence. 

Moreover, all non-citizen detainees questioned in connection with Sept. 11 must pass now an FBI security clearance to be deported, even if they choose to return to their native countries. This process is delaying some peoples release from prison, immigration lawyers say.

And the federal government took on the power to monitor the communication between a federal detainee and his or her lawyer if the government believes their discussion may support terrorism.

The ACLU, NLG, Human Rights Watch, Council of American-Islamic Relations and others have denounced the new rules as subverting civil liberties and called for the release of information on those in detention. To date, the U.S. Attorney General has released only the country of origin of certain detainees, not their names, nor their location, nor the charges against them, as these groups requested in court. In late October, Human Rights Watch requested that the INS release information on any medical screening or support given Muhammad Butt, the Pakistani national who died while in detention in a New Jersey jail. The agency refused without a signature from the deceased man on the grounds of protecting his privacy.

Additional reporting by Huma Ali.
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              <text>On the six-month anniversary of September 11th, a Pakistani immigrant was beaten and arrested on Church Avenue and East 18th Street in Brooklyn. The man, Raja Aftab, was charged with misconduct and released.

Aftab is from Rawalpindi, Pakistan and has lived here with his wife and two children for the past 11 years. 

On March 11, around four oclock, I left my job at a health and beauty supply store on Church Avenue to buy a cup of coffee from a store across the street, Aftab recalled. When I was coming back from the coffee shop, some police officers stopped me and asked me where are you going? I replied, Im going back to my workplace across the street. One of the police officers said, you are Taliban, and began beating me. The other three police officers standing near him joined in, and beat me on the street in front of many people. Then they put the handcuffs on me, took me to 70th Precinct, gave me the misconduct summons and released me, Aftab said. 

After being released by the police, Aftab went to a restaurant on Coney Island Avenue, looking for someone from the community to help him. One of the restaurant customers called an ambulance when he saw how badly Aftab was hurt. 
Officers from the 70th precinct arrived with the ambulance. 

An onlooker reported that an officer denied everything. He reportedly said, there was a fight on Church Avenue between some high school students, and Mr. Aftab tried to interfere. He entered an area closed by the police, and later he misbehaved with police officers; thats why he was taken to the precinct and given the summons. And its not true that the police beat him.

I was looking at some high school boys who were fighting over something I was totally unaware of, Aftab responded later. I had no idea why those boys were fighting or what was police were doing there. I even didnt try to interfere. 

Aftab was taken to the Coney Island Hospital and discharged around six a.m. after receiving medical treatment. 
I am the victim of a hate crime committed by police officials, Aftab said.</text>
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              <text>The undocumented immigrants in New York may rest easy for now. The Justice Departments proposal to use local police as Immigration and Nationalization Service (INS) inspectors is strongly opposed by some in the Justice Department as well as diverse organizations.

Dan Nelson, a Justice Department spokesperson, said the idea is one of the new options that we are considering to enforce immigration laws, as there is a shortage of staff and funds at the INS during this period of increased anti-terrorist security. There are an estimated seven million undocumented immigrants in the United States and only 2,000 INS investigators.

[The measure] is the most anti-immigrant thing Ive ever heard in my life, and it is unconstitutional, said Ruben Quiroz, a member of the Queens-based community group Accion Latina. The 150 ethnic groups that inhabit New York would be most affected, he added. 

They want to establish a state of full police control of minorities, said Quiroz, and announced that his organization would be the first one to protest the measures.

In the past, former Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and the New York Police Department rejected attempts to give INS tasks to the 40,000-member NYPD force. 
It is an absurd idea, said Anthony Miranda, president of the Latino Police Association. And it betrays the true tasks and priorities of the police force, which are to maintain order, prevent crime and protect citizens.
According to Miranda, the project also entails some conflicts of interest. Agents need to communicate freely with the public they defend. Now, people will think twice before calling the police, fearing they will be questioned by the INS, Miranda said. The best thing to do is hire more [INS] personnel, he said. 

The rejection of the Justice Department proposal will depend on regional characteristics, political interests and pressure after September 11th. In Florida, for example, such a measure is part of the multimillion dollar antiterrorist strategy pushed by Gov. Jeb Bush, after that state harbored 13 of the 19 highjackers who crashed planes on September 11th. 

Seven other states are considering granting additional powers to police officers. Veronica Tobar of the New York Immigrant Coalition said that the proposal would increase the possibilities of racial profiling in the police department, especially against Hispanics, and would affect the rates of other crime such as domestic violence.

If an undocumented woman is the victim of abuse she will never call the police department, fearing that she will be interrogated and deported, Tobar said. Immigration is the job of federal officials, not local forces, she concluded.</text>
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              <text>The overvaluation of the Brazilian real is causing dissatisfaction among many Brazilians residing in the United States, the opposite of conventional wisdom. Many with busness here already see a slowdown in sales and find it impossible to make investments in Brazil. </text>
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              <text>The overvaluation of the Brazilian real is causing dissatisfaction among many Brazilians residing in the United States, the opposite of conventional wisdom. Many with busness here already see a slowdown in sales and find it impossible to make investments in Brazil. 

Ironbound, on the east side of Newark, is a typical immigrant neighborhood where Brazilians, Portuguese, and Latinos live. The local businesses suffered a significant reduction in sales. 

The information technology sector alone has registered a slide of 35 percent in sales. Fernando MacDonwel, an employee of retailer Ez-Tech, says that her products really stopped moving in the last two weeks. The reason for all this can only be rise in the dollar compared to the Brazilian real. Everyone is saving their money to send it to Brazil, MacDonwel complains. 

At the beauty shop, receipts dropped 15 percent. The ladies have given up beauty and have started saving instead, says Juca, at Salon Brasil. 

To prevent more losses, for the last three months Fino Joalheiro changed his entire business strategy. A one-time wholesaler, he changed his investment strategy focus only on retail. Im not feeling it too much because I took some preventive measures. But that said, in all my 18 years in the United States, this is one of the worst slowdowns in business, he says.

Alongside manufactured goods, the food service sector has failed to escape unharmed. For waiter Marcos Chaves, of the churrascaria Boi na Brasa, customers, delivery orders, and even tips have taken a hit. Deliveryman Claúdio Soares confirmed the slowdown. Weve gone from $160 per night in deliveries to $100, he said. Soures and Chaves havent benefitted form the rise in the dollar, like those who took advantage of the exchange rate by plowing their money back into Brazil. The rise in the dollar doesnt help anything. Here, our sales are down, and we cant send money abroad, they say. 

&lt;b&gt;The other side of the coin. &lt;/b&gt;
Chaves was right when he mentioned in passing that many Brazilians in the United States have stopped living wellfor example, eating outto buy apartments in Brazil. While those who depend on the Brazilian consumer have ceased to prosper, others have taken advantage of the jump in the greenback and have started making deals in reals. 

The number of Brazilians investing in Brazil doubled over the course of three months ago, estimated Newark real estate consultant Luciana Moreira. Moreira works with a network of direct financing for developers who then do not have to make an individual declaration of income for tax purposes.

Moreira generally works with young investors, from the lower-paid working class (nannies, cleaning ladies, etc.), whose goal one day is to return to Brazil for good. In most cases, the preference of these Brazilians is to buy apartments in the coastal cities, where the potential for a good return is greater. 

During negotiations, investors can hire an agent, who acts as a proxy and advertises the property to tourists. This is a way to make things easier on Brazilians living here [in the U.S.], who want to do business but cant come and go to Brazil as they please, Luciana explains. 

In the long term, when generally it is more expensive to rent apartments along the beach, they can earn upwards of R$8-9000 per year, according to Moreira. The exchange of money is generally made after the season, with 10 percent going to the agent (thats the going rate for real estate agencies). 

Because apartment prices are based on the Brazilian currency, the rate of exchange with the dollar has favored real estate buyers. At present, with less than U.S.$10,000, one can buy a R$40,000 apartment that would have cost US$20,000 four months ago. 

Investors start with a high down payment and then make reduced payments for 62 months. These fixed payments are also calculated in reals. This has attracted the Brazilian investor, and it is obvious that he has stopped spending here [in America] in order to invest down there [in Brazil]. I have some clients who until now have been saving up for a piece of real estate. Others are even buying two apartments. What every Brazilian wants is to make sure he lives with a steady income, Moreira concludes. </text>
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              <text>A new war in the Middle East could cripple some Caribbean economies, particularly those dependent on migrant earning and those with a low tolerance for spikes in oil prices, says the Florida-based Caribbean-American Political Action Committee (CAPAC), a think tank group of migrant academics.

Dr. Marcia Magnus, president CAPAC and a professor at Florida International University, told the Weekly Gleaner that cash remittances from Jamaican and other West Indian immigrants, which help buffer ailing economies, may dry up if the United States or a coalition force were to wage war on Iraq. 

But the potential loss of U.S.$600 million to Jamaica and another U.S.$18 billion in annual immigrant money as a result of a war-strained U.S. economy is not Magnus only concern. 

A much greater problem than the fall off in immigrants sending money to their home territories when the war breaks out is the likely effect of an increase in oil prices to the poor Caribbean economies, she explained.

The  potential effects of war on developing economies was also expressed by Ambassador Sakthip Krairiksh of Thailand.

He warned the UN Security Council last week that if the tensions between the United States and Iraq continued, it would lead to dire consequences to the global economy at a time when many economies are struggling to recover from financial crises.

The reliance of many economies on the Middle East for trade, investment and supply of natural resourcesincluding oilmeans that any instability or outbreak of military action in the region could have severe adverse impacts on the livelihood and well being of people all over the world, he added.

The economic recovery process pursued by developing countries may be stalled or even reversed. This is a no-win situation for everyone, he warned.

However, Al Francis, a veteran economist at the University of the West Indies in Mona, Jamaica in reacting to a UN report on immigration policies employed by developed countries, told a local newspaper over the weekend that remittances have not helped the Jamaican economy. 

He had explained that while remittances wired to poor, and even the middle class families in the Caribbean area resolve some basic consumption needs, the real performance of these economies are not necessarily affected.

Jamaica, for example, has not experienced any major impact although an average of $600 million flows in here annually. Most of the money is immediately used to meet basic needs and hardly any is left for savings, he said.

But a study released a few days ago by the UN population division indicated that immigrants to the developed world helped boost their home countries economies of their home countries by adding as much as 10 percent to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Jamaica, El Salvador, Eritrea, Nicaragua and Yemen during 2000.
 
During the same period, the World Bank estimated Egypts total remittances from migrant workers at $3.75 billion, while Indian workers sent home about $11.6 billion in the same year.

Ambassador V.K. Nambiar of India also lamented to the UN Security Council that his country had a vital interest and high stakes in peace and prosperity of the Gulf region.

Our relations with this region have developed as a result of centuries of deep historical, cultural, religious and economic contacts, he said.

Currently, about four million Indians live in the Gulf region. In Iraq itself, he said, India has substantial trade interests and projects that were affected after the 1991 Gulf War. Developments in the region this affect India, he added.

Salah al-Muktha, Iraqs Ambassador to India, said last week that more than 500 companies are engaged in Indo-Iraq trade, which is worth over one billion dollars annually, while projects worth more than $5.5 billion are in the pipeline. 

Indias primary import is oil, which has averaged about $25-30 per barrel this year. But any major increase in its price is expected to hurt developing nations.

Sheik Zaki al-Yemeni, a former head of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), was quoted as saying last week that a new war in the Middle East could jack up oil prices to a staggering $100 per barrel.

Immediately after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, and the subsequent Gulf War in early 1991, millions of migrant workers, mostly housemaids and unskilled workers, lost their jobs almost overnight in the United States and were forced to return home. 

The returning migrants not only ended all inward remittances but also created new problems of unemployment in their own countries. 

This time around, however, the Caribbean could help thwart a war between the United States and Iraq since the large Caribbean migrant population in the United States may have political clout, says Professor Magnus. 

But the Caribbean political administrations must become proactive in order to preserve the U.S.$18 billion, estimated as the total amount of cash immigrants in the United States send home to their relatives in the Caribbean and Latin America annually, Magnus insisted. 

The legal Caribbean-Americans constitute a significant block of voters in U.S. elections. So, if this group of Americans were to be organized and made aware of their political leverage and their obligation to express an interest in the Caribbean area, pressure could be brought to bear on Bush, said Magnus.
If we had used this approach when our banana industry was in trouble, the results may have been different, she concluded. </text>
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              <text>Kabul, Afghanistan:

&lt;i&gt;Just after dawn the rumble of distant artillery fire shatters the frosted crystal morning. To my surprise, no one reacts. They have grown used to the sound of war. But Abdul Wahed?s eldest son...of about 12, begins to draw on the side of the black metal stove with a piece of chalk: a jet, looking like a paper plane, and short dashes representing the bombs it drops.&lt;/i&gt; [National Geographic]

It is ironic how little Afghanistan has changed since 1985, when the above passage was written, to now. Though in 1985 Afghanistan was the arena where the superpowers battled each other in relative obscurity, it is now the arena where the visible battles the obscure. I think it is fair to say that few Americans knew where or what Afghanistan was until the tragic events of September 11th. It is hard to imagine that life in Afghanistan in the 1960?s, particularly in Kabul, was not all that different from Europe or North America at that time. Students attended classes at Kabul University, went to the movies and attended concerts. In the mid-to-late 1970?s one could see men and women inside Kabul doing their best to keep up with the latest fashions: bell bottoms, polyester shirts, and singing along with ABBA when they appeared on TV.

My parents have some great pictures from when we were in Afghanistan. I laugh every time I see my father with those long, bushy sideburns and my mom with her ?70?s hairdo. It was a time when girls went to school, women held positions in the government, careers were a matter of choice, and the now infamous "burka" was an optional social custom. This is very different from the images now being broadcast all over the world: ghostly images of women in burkas, long bearded men with turbans, and desolate, utter poverty.

So what exactly happened to this country that sent it back to the stone age? One simple answer: the Cold War.

Afghanistan used to be a moderate Islamic society. King Mohammad Zahir Shah presided over the many ethnic groups in Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973. Kabul University was set up in 1946, women ran for public office in 1965, a liberal constitution was introduced in 1974, and the press was relatively free. In 1973, Zahir Shah was overthrown in a military coup by his cousin, Mohammad Davoud, with the support of the Soviets and the Communist Party. Together they went after Islamic scholars and other Islamists, many of whom were imprisoned or murdered for ideological reasons. When Davoud realized the dangers of communism and wanted to get rid of the ever-increasing influence of the Soviets, he was overthrown and killed by them.

By the late 1970?s, the United States and the Soviet Union fought proxy wars in Angola, Somalia, and Ethiopia, only a few years after Vietnam and only decades after Korea. The United States had begun providing aid to Pakistan-based Afghan Islamists some months before the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. As Zbigniew Brzezinski, national security advisor to President Carter stated, "We didn?t push the Russians to intervene, but we knowingly increased the probability that they would." And on December 27, 1979, the day the Soviets invaded Afghanistan: "Now," he said, "we can give the USSR its Vietnam War."

In the mid 1980?s, William Casey, director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) under President Reagan, committed CIA funds to a broader plan to organize the Muslims of the world into a global jihad against Soviet communism. By the mid-1980?s, the CIA office in Islamabad, Pakistan, had become second in size only to its own headquarters in Langley, Virginia, and American assistance to the Afghan Islamists channeled through the CIA and the Pakistan intelligence agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), was running into the billions of dollars. Pakistan expressed a great interest in Afghanistan because in the event of an invasion by India, Pakistan considered Afghanistan to be a military "safety net," a place to retreat and continue resistance. As General Gul, the ISI director-general under Pakistan?s former President Zia, stated, "...it was enough to justify a decade?s worth of meddling and military intervention [by the United States]."

Additionally, some Saudi elements saw the war in Afghanistan as a way of exporting influence through their Wahabism (an extremist version of Sunni Islam, whose founders in the early nineteenth century actually attacked their fellow Muslims at Mecca and Medina, two of Islam?s holiest sites). The CIA worked very closely with these Saudi elements and with the Pakistani ISI, funneling billions of dollars in arms and aid. It was this relationship that provided the mission and the means for a rich Saudi businessman, Osama bin Laden, to organize thousands of poor Arabs from the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia. They were attracted by promises of food and money, and many harbored deep-seated anger and hatred towards their perceived oppressors. These groups made convenient soldiers in the CIA-backed "jihad" against communism.

In 1989, the Soviets conceded defeat after a long and bloody war and finally withdrew from Afghanistan; it was only two years later that the Soviet Union collapsed. The United States, having accomplished its objective, left Afghanistan as well. With the Soviet Union disintegrating and the United States celebrating the collapse, Afghanistan was left in ruins with no assistance from outside. The billions of dollars from the Untied States quickly dried up.

With the great superpowers gone, the resulting power vacuum saw the mujahideen (freedom fighters) in Afghanistan fighting amongst themselves. By the following year 25,000 Afghans had been killed in a civil war that would last for six years.

In 1994, with the help of the Pakistani ISI, the Taliban movement began. From humble beginnings and with the promise of peace, the Taliban consolidated its power over the next two years by conquering the cities and towns of Afghanistan that had been racked by civil war. As it conquered, the Taliban quickly changed its promises of peace and emerged as one of the most repressive regimes in the world. From 1996 to 1999 the civil war evolved into a conflict between the Taliban and the Northern Alliance, a loose affiliation of the warlords who had been fighting each other prior to the Taliban?s rise to power.

Meanwhile, except for a few missiles President Clinton lobbed into empty tents and the occasional verbal harangue against bin Laden, the rest of the world forgot Afghanistan. In a telling comment, which in many ways typified the attitude of the United States and the West, Brzezinski asked rhetorically, "What was more important in the worldview of history? The Taliban, or the fall of the Soviet Empire? A few stirred-up Muslims, or the liberation of Central Europe and the end of the Cold War?"

These "few stirred-up Muslims" have become the chief protagonists in the first war of the twenty-first century. Central Europe continues to be the home of many terrorist groups. In one of just many ironies, Afghanistan, the birthplace of the famous Sufi poet Rumi, the country that stifled the expansion of the British Empire, and the place that saw the last great battle of the Cold War has quickly risen from the ashes of obscurity to become the center of the world?s attention.

So, what have these last 20-plus years of war done to the people of Afghanistan?

Millions have been brutalized and killed. At least two million people are now in refugee camps: displaced, homeless, hungry, sick, without work, without education, many orphaned. Many of these young people who are attracted to the promises of food, shelter, education, and work that are offered by some of the most radical extremists in the region.

To the Afghan people, war has been a way of life, and drawing pictures of jets and bombs is nothing unusual for an Afghan child. It?s all many of these children know and have grown up with. Afghanistan has been manipulated and deserted in some way or another by many of its neighbors and by much of the West.

In the realm of international affairs, concern and memory often run thin. Let?s hope that we don?t make the same mistake again. Let?s hope our memory does not fade away so quickly this time.

Mariam Zaka is a 3rd year Ph.D. student in biochemistry. She was born in Kabul, Afghanistan.
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              <text>A new generation of left-wing Jewish groups siding with the Palestinian cause has been gaining steam and press coverage as Israel's military action continues to drive protesters on both sides into the streets.

Fledgling groups on what many view as the far left are boosting their activity and membership across the country by joining pro-Palestinian rallies, conducting acts of civil disobedience, placing ads in newspapers and initiating petitions. They are also earning the expected criticism from right-wing groups within the Jewish establishment and even some mainstream left-wing groups.

The groups share certain positions well within the mainstream left in Israel itself: a call for an end to Israel's military occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, and, going slightly further, a demand for an immediate withdrawal that includes East Jerusalem. But some step off Israel's political map altogether by petitioning for a halt of United States aid to Israel, accusing Israel of terrorism or justifying attacks on Israeli soldiers in the territories.

Some activists in the pro-Israel peace camp accuse these groups, many of them formed since the outbreak of the intifada 19 months ago, of being anti-Zionist. The groups respond that their harsh criticism of Israel's recent incursions into the West Bank and of the occupation is for the safety of the people of Israel.

We act out of a motivation of love for both Israel and the Jewish people and we're doing what we feel will help Israel wean itself off of its self-destructive path, said Joshua Ruebner, cofounder and executive director of the Washington, D.C.-based Jews for Peace in Palestine and Israel, or JPPI.

Ruebner accuses the Israeli army of deliberately targeting civilians and calls all soldiers in the territories legitimate targets. His group helped organize an April 5 protest outside the State Department demanding the deployment of international peacekeepers to the region. Nearly two-dozen demonstrators were arrested for blocking the sidewalk.

Groups on the Jewish far-left represent a spectrum of ideas. Jews Against the Occupation supports the right to return for Palestinian refugees and calls for suspension of U.S. military aid to Israel. Not in My Name and a Women in Black vigil group in New York call for a just resolution to the Palestinian refugee problem but make no mention of a Palestinian right of return. Not In My Name calls for a suspension of military aid to Israel and Jewish Voices Against the Occupation goes one step further in calling for a reduction in economic aid. Nearly all of the above groups call on Israel to pull out of the territories immediately.

These differences on the Jewish left are expected to play out April 26-29 at a conference in Washington, D.C., to form a national Jewish peace organization, Brit Tzedek v'Shalom  A Covenant of Justice and Peace. Some activists, disillusioned by what they say is a growing anti-Israel sentiment on the left, say Brit Tzedek offers a more balanced alternative in its calls for a two-state solution and by not promoting a Palestinian right of return to areas within Israel proper.

And yet JPPI, a new group of 50 that is helping to plan Brit Tzedek's founding conference, does call on Israel to recognize Palestinians right of return.

Steve Masters, a member of the Brit Tzedek organizing committee, said JPPI's views on right of return would not affect the Zionist-leaning approach of Brit Tzedek. Some organizers of the conference, however, said it is too early to tell whether the new organization will be Zionist. With the organization still in its embryonic stage, organizers pointed to its broad founding principles that state: Brit Tzedek v'Shalom is deeply committed to the well-being of Israel and all of its neighbors.

When you look at the left you see critics of the Israeli violence against Palestinians but not critics of the Palestinian violence against Israelis, said Masters, who last year formed the Philadelphia-based Progressive Zionist Alliance because he said his community lacked a dovish voice that was also Zionist.

There are new young activists energized from the anti-globalization movement whose orientation around Israel is all negative, Masters said. But founders of Brit Tzedek love Israel and we are approaching our work from a total support of Israel. Its a big difference for me.

Some on the left are also critical of some of the new groups for their willingness to equate Israeli military actions with terror attacks by Palestinians, including suicide bombings. Such an equation was drawn by Steven Feuerstein, co-founder of the 150-member, Chicago-based Not In My Name, in response to a question by the Forward.
We condemn all violence against civilians equally, including [Israeli army] attacks on Palestinians, said Feuerstein, who is also on the organizing committee for the Brit Tzedek conference. They are killing civilians in the name of Jews worldwide and I personally don't want it to be done in my name.

In a statement issued after a suicide bombing last August, Not In My Name condemned the cycle of violence in the Middle East and these occasional, dramatic, brutal crimes  which also include Israeli state-sponsored terrorism, such as the use of tank shells filled with nails fired into neighborhoods, and assassinations without trial of Palestinians.

Leaders of the Labor Party-aligned Labor Zionist Alliance say such statements cross a line.
These groups are definitely lending legitimacy to the forces which seek to defame Judaism, said the executive director of the Labor Zionist Alliance, Ari Chester. What these groups are doing is drawing a moral equivalence between terrorism and military actions to prevent it. These new groups are subtly questioning the existence of Israel. It's intimated, it's an undertone, and people think that's the Jewish voice on the left because they're very vocal.

Leaders of Meretz USA, the American support group for the eponymous left-wing opposition party in Israel, said that while they are deeply critical of the current government they accuse these far-left groups of being too one-sided in their criticism of Israel. They added, however, that some Meretz USA members join protests by a few of these groups, such as vigils organized by the veteran group Women in Black.

I think these groups place a heavier onus on Israel than on the Palestinians and the Arab states, said Meretz USA Executive Director Charney Bromberg. It is important not to be so critical of Israel that the balance is disturbed, that we risk losing appreciation for the importance of American support for Israel.
But Naomi Braine, a cofounder of the New York-based Jews Against the Occupation and an organizer for the Israeli-founded Women in Black network, countered that Prime Minister Sharons military tactics endanger Israel and Jews around the world.

Israel actions against Palestinians do not make me feel safer as a Jew, Braine said, referring to the escalation of hate crimes in Europe since the military action began in the West Bank.

Organizers of the Women in Black group in New York defended their anti-occupation message at an April 4 vigil in Manhattan's Union Square. The Thursday vigil drew close to 200 people, the group's largest crowd in Manhattan since weekly vigils began last October.
I'm doing this because I'm a Jew concerned about injustice, said Irena Klepfisz, a poet and essayist who escaped the Warsaw ghetto before her father was killed as a fighter in the uprising in 1941. Jews know what its like to be without homes, they should be empathetic. Suicide bombings started a very short time ago, the occupation started 34 years ago. I dont see anyone protesting for 34 years and then stepping down because of suicide bombings. Its an excuse to not stand up for whats right.

To those who question the loyalty of Jews involved in these groups, Klepfisz said, I resent being asked if Im a loyal Jew. It has nothing to do with whether the occupation is wrong or not. The second you criticize the occupation you're not a loyal and authentic Jew. Theres no debate allowed within the Jewish community.

In a telephone interview from San Francisco, Bluma Goldstein, one of four organizers of a one-month-old ad campaign called Jewish Voices Against The Occupation and a retired University of California at Berkeley professor, seconded Klepfisz's concerns.

If a Jew criticizes Israel were self-hating Jews, and if youre a non-Jew youre anti-Semitic, said Goldstein, whose March 17 ad in The New York Times was signed by 450 people. The ad indicates there's a large body of Jewish people who oppose the policies of the Israeli government.

Represented at an April 6 pro-Palestinian march across the Brooklyn Bridge to Manhattan were members of Jews Against the Occupation, who had helped organize the 1,200 strong protest, and members of Jews for Racial and Economic Justice. Both said that although they did not agree with all the messages at the rally, such as a poster carried by one protester comparing the Star of David to a swastika, they said as Jews they could not remain silent at this time.

At this point what's needed is a coalition of as many people as possible to bring as much pressure as possible on the United States and Israel to end the occupation, said retired chemical engineer and JATO member Bert Lessuck.</text>
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              <text>Fifty-two Filipinos will be shipped out of the country by a special chartered flight arranged and paid for by the INS, the first en-masse deportation in the Filipino-American community. It is expected to be a painful moment, a wrenching, shame-filled and fearful process for the deportees and their families and friends in the U.S. and in the Philippines.</text>
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              <text>Fifty-two Filipinos will be deported on June 23, for violating United States immigration laws.  

They will be shipped out of the country to the Philippines by a special chartered flight arranged and paid for by the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) from El Centro, California.

It is expected to be a painful moment, a wrenching, shame-filled and fearful process for the deportees and their families and friends in the United States and in the Philippines.

For the first time, the United States will deport en masse Filipinos who have stayed illegally in the country, a move accelerated by the September 11th terrorist attacks on New York and Washington.  However, it is a practice already done with nationals of El Salvador and Canada who had broken U.S. immigration laws.

Also, for the first time the Philippine Embassy is compelled to reach out to the Filipino deportees with a compassionate hand and a sympathetic presence during the deportation process and long flight back home.

It is a gesture that deepens the brand of public service and humanitarian diplomacy of Philippine ambassador to the U.S. Albert F. del Rosario who has proactively urged for the humane and dignified treatment of all Filipino deportees from America, now and in the future.

Del Rosario, a corporate chieftain and business warrior before becoming a diplomat last summer, has taken three steps to soften the deportation blow, shield deportees from harm and set the embassys policy of compassionate assistance to Filipinos being forced to leave the U.S.

These are: 1) ensure that all present and future deportees have been and will be afforded due process before their actual removal from the U.S.; 2) make every effort to ensure that Filipino deportees are treated humanely and accorded dignity; and 3) direct all consular outposts of the Philippines in the U.S. to obtain access to all Filipino deportees as well as current INS detainees.

Significantly, the ambassador formally expressed to the INS his objections to any physical restraints imposed on the Filipino deportees such as manacles, handcuffs or leg chains during their flight back to the Philippines.  His objections were prompted by initial information from the INS that the deportees would be put under restraint during the flight for security reasons.

The envoy, himself a World War II child refugee in the U.S. from the Philippines, also forwarded his objections in a formal letter to the State Department.  

Del Rosario specifically instructed all Philippine consular officials in the U.S. to provide free travel documents to the deportees, with the processing fees waived.  But this step must be taken only after due process has been accorded the deportees, his instructions said.

He instructed furthermore consular officers to obtain the names of the deportees families or relatives and their contacts, data that would be sent to the Department of Foreign Affairs in Manila.

The DFA is expected to contact the deportees kin in the Philippines and make arrangements for them to meet the arriving Filipinos.

Consul Henry Bensurto, the embassys legal officer, has been deputized by Del Rosario to escort the deportees who are expected to fly out from California, stop over for refueling in Hawaii and proceed to the Philippines.  The chartered private airliner is expected to land in any of the two former military bases, Subic or Clark, the embassy said.

The role of Bensurto, as official Philippine escort to the group deportation, is unprecedented, the embassy said, although Filipino consular officers have time and again accompanied Filipino evacuees from wars and overseas crises in the last part of the 20th century.

Bensurto, a veteran diplomatic hand in the resolution of the infamous Contemplacion case (of the Filipina domestic helper who died by hanging in Singapore) and a newly minted father of a five-month-old son, told the Reporter he welcomed the role as companion to the deportees.  Its part of pakikiramay  empathy and compassion, Filipino style, he said.

Being deported is a said circumstance, its not in the best of times.  By accompanying the deportees, were trying to assuage our kababayans anxieties, he said in a telephone interview.  Were not condoning their having broken immigration laws.  The ambassador and we in the embassy all want to help.  We want to be sure somebody is there with them (during the deportation flight) to assuage their sadness.  Its a humanitarian gesture to our fellow Filipinos, our kababayans.

Bensurto said as we go to the press that he was negotiating for a seating space in the INS chartered flight.  It looks like the INS will allow me to board the plane and be the escort, they are cooperating nicely, he said.

About four deportees in the embassys consular turf have also been in contact with the consul by phone.  They are all very sad, fearful and anxious, they ask me ikukulong ba ako, anong mangyayari sa akin? (will I be jailed), noted Bensurto.  

I encouraged them to look forward, to not lose hope, to see that deportation is not the end, that something good will come out of this experience, he said, adding that the deportees will be allowed to bring personal effects but no balikbayan boxes, just the regulation 40 pounds of baggage.

As of Thursday, 51 Filipino men and one Filipina, all of them grown-ups, have been confirmed as deportees on June 23 by the INS.  Their names have been given to the Philippine Embassy here but the consulate has kept the list under wraps to protect the privacy of these kababayans and shield them further from embarrassment that publicity might bring.

William Manalastas, 45, of Kentucky, will be one of the June 23 deportees, an official told the Reporter.  He has been an INS detainee at the Grayson County Detention Center in Leitchfield, Kentucky, one of the 210 foreign nationals, mostly from South Asian and Middle Eastern countries, targeted and tracked down by the INS after September 11th.

Manalastas, his wife and four daughters arrived from the Philippines almost 10 years ago landing first in New Jersey.  But they overstayed, violating INS orders to leave the country by settling down in Elizabethtown, Ky. to build their American dream.

Officials here said that Myrna Manalastas and her daughters have also been given final orders for deportation.  However, the INS took a step backward and allowed Mrs. Manalastas and her daughters to be free from detention and to be able to travel around the country pending their return to the Philippines.  

However, Filipino consular officials expect the number to rise to as many as 70 as the deportation date approaches.  The INS is continuing deportation proceedings of illegal aliens, whose backlog of 314,000 has been placed in the services Absconders Apprehension List, according to the INS press office here.

The embassy and its consular outposts in New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles and Chicago are expecting future waves of group deportation of Filipinos, and are continuing to refine their means of compassionate assistance to them.

The INS is poised to deport groups of Pakistanis also next week.  Cambodians, as many as 1,400 of them either residing illegally or convicted of crimes across the country, are also under the gun.

A significant move of Del Rosario is his request to U.S. authorities to accord the deportees with dignity and humaneness.

On Wednesday, he wrote to the INS Special Removal Branch, the unit carrying out the deportation action, expressing his objection to the idea of putting the Filipino deportees in manacles and physical restraints during their flight back home.

Although these Filipinos may have violated the immigration laws (of the U.S.), wrote the ambassador, They are not necessarily criminals who could pose a dangerous threat to any individual or the aircraft during the flight to the Philippines.

The Filipino deportees should be treated more humanely and in a manner consistent with the dignity of each individual during the flight without necessarily compromising the security of the passengers and the aircraft.

The INS said that the special chartered flight would slash the high cost of deporting individuals.

Deporting a Filipino individual with the regular two INS escorts costs $10,000.  The INS decision to deport the Filipinos in groups and batches is an economic one, officials said.

The Filipinos are being deported not because they are terrorists or suspected as such but because of their illegal stay in the country.

The INS said that the deportees have been served with deportation orders but they have evaded these.  Absconders, they were included in the apprehension list that was triggered after September 11th.
	
The INS assured the embassy that all the deportees have been afforded due legal process and that Filipinos were not being targeted as a result of 9/11.  The INS has also been cooperating with the embassy in providing the deportees a human and dignified way to exit America, officials said.</text>
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              <text>A Belfast-born paramedic in New York whose immigration status had expired last year has been granted the right to stay in the United States by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) as a result of his rescue work on September 11th. 

The INS confirmed last week that Roger Smyth, who is 36, would receive a three-year renewable O-visa, normally granted to aliens of extraordinary ability or talent, such as artists, performers or scientists. 

Smyths case was taken up by attorney Eamonn Dornan, who thought that there might be merit in applying for a visa for Smyth based in his extraordinary bravery in the aftermath of the World Trade Center tragedy. 

Its wonderful news, said Dornan, a partner in the law firm Smyth, Dornan and Shea. He stressed that Smyths case was seen from the start as highly unlikely to succeed. He will be able to travel freely to home and back again. Normally this visa is reserved for people like, say, an artist such as Brian Kennedy. 

On September 11th, Smyth had responded to the World Trade Center, was caught in the debris cloud of the collapsing towers, and spent the next 48 hours trying to rescue the injured. He gave a vivid description of Ground Zero to the Echo after the tragedy. 

Im not out of the woods yet, said Smyth, who still has to clear some bureaucratic hurdles with the State Department, but Eamonn did an excellent job. He is tenacious and very down to earth, like all us Northerners. 

Dornan added that along with letters testifying to Smyths work from New York Senator Charles Schumer, they were able to convince the INS that Smyth had made an extraordinary contribution, and was a person of extraordinary ability. 

Smyth, who has been in the United States since 1997, overstayed his student visa that allowed him to study Paramedic Technology at Northeastern University in Boston, and moved to New York, where he started work as a paramedic. 

When his sister became ill with cancer in 2000 back in Belfast, Smyth returned to see her and had problems reentering the United States in February 2001. He was aware that he was out of status but still hoped to find some way that he could visit his sister, who he said, is now in remission after cancer treatment. 

After September 11th, amid the frenzied attempts to find survivors and then to recover bodies, one small detail stuck out in Smyths mind: a police officer stared at his helmet and pointed out to Smyth that the numbers on the front were, coincidently, 9-11-0. 

Traumatized like many others by what he experienced, Smyth said that he is still coming to terms with what he saw on September 11th, and that it had changed his life profoundly. But he is thankful for other reasons. 

My sister is doing good, she has been able to visit me here and is in remission, he said. 
Smyth continues to work as a paramedic. Most recently he was on the team that responded to an apartment building in Little Italy when Nathan Maddox, a rock musician, was tragically struck by lightning and killed while watching a storm over Manhattan. 

Rogers case was like fitting a square peg in a round hole, Dornan said of Smyths case. 
Dornan also said that the case of Walsh visa couple James Murray and Ruth Gould, also from Belfast, might benefit from a new visa status, the U-visa for victims or witnesses of crimes committed in the U.S. 

As reported in the Echo, Murray and Gould were allegedly ripped off by their Las Vegas employer, Steve Smith, who has an extensive criminal record and has most recently been charged with attempting to kidnap a prostitute. 

The couple are at a safe location in Long Island, Dornan said, and are in the process of filing for a U-visa. The pair had been threatened with deportation after their former employer accused them of being terrorists. 

This will mean that they can stay in the United States at least until [their employers] court case can be disposed of, Dornan said. </text>
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              <text>For Koreans, who are facing the sensitive international issue of North Korea's nuclear weapon development, the American mid-term election was of the utmost importancemore so than any American mid-term election before it. Because it is expected that Bush's government, which defined North Korea as part of an axis of evil, would look to deal with the issue of North Korea after Iraq. 

In this mid-term election, the Republican Party won majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. U.S. political commentators called the results a victory for President Bush. Republican gains in the Senate were especially considered to be the result of Bushs leadership. It is seen as a strong push for President Bushs national and international policies over the next two years.

Political and social commentators believe that the issue of U.S. national security was the main reason for the election results. It is hard to anticipate how the relationship between the United States and North Korea will be affected by the election. However, it is expected that the Bush Administration will continue to pressure North Korea, straining relations. There is a possibility of strain leading to conflict rather than conversation and negotiation. Considering the Congressional suspicion of North Korea's nuclear development, experts suggest a strong possibility the new lawmakers will make American policy more strict.

Thus, in this situation, South Korea's role in resolving the North Korea nuclear weapon problem is increasingly important. South Korea should lead the way in convincing North Korea to give up nuclear weapons and accomplish its purpose peacefully. However, this job is for the newly composed government, rather than the out-going government. Besides, the present Korean government better not burden the next government, to accomplish a good transition. The most important thing is to send the right signal to North Korea. 

Most of all, the plan to proceed with the attack on Iraq and the war against terrorism is not going to meet much opposition. The Democratic party, which lost this election, will be hard pressed to oppose President Bush's national security policy. The American people affirmed their support for his policy by voting Republican in this mid-term election.</text>
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              <text>Now that the dust has settled, some say its painfully cleartheres no role for new majority contractors in Lower Manhattans redevelopment. </text>
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              <text>On the sunny morning of September 11, as most people were on their way to work, none of them could smell the disaster on its way, disguised as commercial jetliners.

Neither could Las Allen.

But when the World Trade Center collapsed, killing nearly 3,000 people, and creating more than one million tons of debris in and around the site, the theme for the day and ensuing weeks was complete chaos and horror.

That didnt stop Allens desire to help a city that had been shaken like no American city had been shaken before. His company, Ovan Construction, a Queens-based firm, rushed down to the scene, volunteering to help remove debris in hopes that lives and property could be saved.

But after that, he says, his services were no longer needed.

We have trucks, big machines, all of the equipment that they would need to do any removal, but we have never been afforded the opportunity to bid or anything, Allen said. We have tried several times since then to pitch in and be a part of the effort, but the last experience I had down there was when they asked me to send a trailer and when I did they told me it was a mistake.

&lt;b&gt;What About Us?&lt;/b&gt;
Allens feelings reflect the widespread frustration and fear among new majority contractors, construction firms and others that the process of rehabilitating the former World Trade Center site might not be inclusive of businesses owned by people of color.

Unless the (Bloomberg) administration decides to turn things around, well be locked out of a $40 billion business opportunity, said Jim Heyliger, president of the Association of Minority Enterprises of New York, an advocacy group that includes large and small construction, contracting and demolition firms.

When September 11th first happened we voluntarily went down there, he said. We werent looking for anyone to pay us, but we have not been invited back at all. None of our major guys who do big work have gotten anything, said Heyliger. But if they called up tomorrow and asked us to help, no matter what they laid on the table, wed have someone who can do that work.

Heyliger explained that in order for there to be inclusion, there must be a mandate on the part of the agencies in charge of the site to ensure the participation of new majority firms, and said that AMENY planned to make inclusive procurement policy at Ground Zero an issue for the upcoming gubernatorial election.

&lt;b&gt;We Didnt Mean It&lt;/b&gt;
But city agencies and companies that have participated in the demolition, and removal of debris so far said that the intention was never to shut out entrepreneurs of color and that emergency procurement meant calling the first available firms.

You have to put it in the context that is needs to be in, said Richard McEachern, community affairs director for Turner Construction which did demolition and recovery work on 7 World Trade Center. It was an emergency situation where you pick up a phone and call someone to get out there. He said there were new majority contractors used in the cleanup effort, but could not give a number of how many were on hand. McEachern said that Turner does have program in which minority companies make up 15 percent of work on a site, but is not sure about the companys further participation at Ground Zero.

The New York City Department of Design and Construction, which played a role in the demolition, recovery and removal effort at Ground Zero, said in this particular emergency situation, there was no procurement or bid program aimed at new majority firms.
"The emergency procurement rules were very narrow because we were working with enormous immediacy and urgency to remove the mountain of debris," said Matthew Monahan, spokesman for the DDC. "Our role ends with demolition and recovery, and we dont have a longer range or long term role."

&lt;b&gt;If Not Now, When?&lt;/b&gt;
Many are dissatisfied with this response and are watching carefully to see what direction Ground Zero will take for new majority firms as plans develop to rebuild the site.
This council as well as other minority organizations is working diligently to ensure inclusion, said Lynda Ireland, president of the New York/New Jersey Minority Purchasing Council. She said that presently there is no reporting system in place for any of the agencies involved to show a level of new majority involvement, so it is difficult to put a percentage on what is good participation.

Ireland said that her organization has not set any goals for inclusion at the World Trade Center site because new construction has not begun there yet, meaning it is too early to tell.
Heyliger insists that there has been ample opportunity for government agencies to include new majority firms in the reconstruction of Lower Manhattan, but no outreach has yet been established.

He points out that the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation., an agency created solely to oversee the revitalization effort, has no representation on its board from members of AMENY or other advocacy groups like the New York State Association of Minority Contractors.

Repeated calls to the Empire State Development Corporation, parent agency of the LMDC, by The KIP Business Report were not returned.

&lt;b&gt;Political Pressure&lt;/b&gt;
Advocates say that ensuring participation in the refurbishment of Ground Zero will take a strong relationship within the new majority business community among politicians who can then influence policy.

The solution would be with the political will, said Desmond Emanuel, president of Santa Fe construction, one of the largest Black-owned construction management and building contractors in the northeastern United States. You would need a group of elected officials who have the moxy to take this subject on as a charge and fight on behalf of the business community and be prepared to do it over the long haul.

Santa Fe itself has not participated in any of the activity at Ground Zero thus far, and does not see any prospect for large-scale minority inclusion unless there is such a policy set in place.

Denise Outram, general counsel for the office of Manhattan Borough President C. Virginia Fields, said that Fields has long placed emphasis on this issue.

In December, the borough president testified before the city council that they had been bypassing the city rules for hiring minority contractors because it was an emergency situation, and there are provisions that allow for that, Outram said. But she said that it had been a few months and the real emergency had passed by and that it was time to get back to city procedures and emphasized that it was important to include minority contractors. So this is one of the key issues in out policy department, it will be an ongoing issue in our office.

It will also be the focus of the Minority Business Leadership Council, a coalition of business and trade associations that has been meeting with legislators and policy makers on the issue of making the playing field at Ground Zero a level one.

So far, the council has had four meetings and plans several more as the site develops.

Darryl Green, president of Darryl E. Green and Associates, is a key player in organizing contractors with regard to Ground Zero redevelopment. He said there is hope as involvement between minority businesses and the political community continues.

We have the full support of the minority members of the New York Congressional delegation, the Black, Puerto Rican and Hispanic Legislative Caucus of the New York State legislature and several members of the New York City Council in our pursuit of new policies regarding Ground Zero, he said. And are optimistic that we are on the verge of a much more productive future.

This is going to go on for years, said Heyliger. And I dont want minority vendors to be left out. Someone is going to be making money and people have been making money, why not us?</text>
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              <text>A Sikh court official in New York who was pulled from two domestic flights last October for refusing to take off his turban when asked by airport security officials, is taking legal action against the municipality and airline officials for alleged violation of his civil rights and for religious discrimination.

Tejinder Singh Kahlon, a resident of East Meadow, NY, said he had sent the notice of claim as is mandatory under the law, to municipal officials of Islip Township last week.  The township owns the MacArthur Airport, where Kahlon was to have boarded a Southwest Airlines flight for Arizona. 

There is a 90-day period within which the municipality must reply to the notice, but we will not wait for the reply and go ahead with the lawsuit that is being prepared by my lawyer, he told India Abroad.

On October 25, Kahlon, a hearing examiner in Nassau County Court, checked in at the MacArthur Airport and was walking towards the security check area to take a 6:45 p.m. flight.  Before Kahlon could research the security area, a woman security official asked him not to come but stay where he was.  Kahlon was then checked by two security officials with handheld metal detectors and was taken to a side room for a further security check.  Although they did not find anything on him, once inside the room they asked him to take off his turban for checking.  He said while the officials were free to check his turban from the outside, even with the handheld metal detector, he would not take off his turban in public as it was against his religion. 

But the officials would not agree. They insisted that either I take off my turban or I go home. I preferred not take off my turban, said Kahlon, an American citizen who has been living in the US for more than 30 years. 

Kahlon decided to go back home along with his daughter and wife. Pravin Mahavir, the station manager of the airlines, came to his home and apologized for the incident.  

Mahavir, also offered to book him on a 10 a.m. flight next day, October 26.  Kahlon told Mahavir that as long as the officials did not insist on taking off his turban, he would gladly take the flight.

But even that was not to be.  The next day, when he reached the airport, saw a replay of what happened the previous day. A hapless Kahlon was then taken to meet in one official, whom he identified as Marty Raber, executive assistant to the Commissioner for Transportation and Aviation in Islip. Raber told him he was the final authority and that Kahlon would not be allowed to board any flight unless and until he took of his turban.

It was a very distressing, very un-American way of treating citizens, Kahlon, who is often addressed as the honorable judge, said.  They put restrictions on my freedom to practice my religion, he said.

Kahlon said last week that apart from the Islip township officials, the lawsuit would also name airline officials as defendants.  Asked if it would be a class action suit to include others who might have suffered the same fate in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks when security was beefed up, he said it was possible.  My attorney tells me that at the moment it is an individual lawsuit which may become a class action later on, he said. 

Asked if he would seek punitive and compensatory damages from the township as indicated by his lawyer, Tomas Liotti, Kahlon pleaded ignorance. I dont know about that, as my lawyer is still working on preparing the lawsuit.  My purpose is to get justice and see that the law of the land is upheld, he said. Liotti could not be reached at press time.

Kahlon said his intention behind filing the lawsuit was to bring to public notice that such violations of civil rights should not occur even during times of increased security. 
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              <text>Dressed as brides and widows, but wearing sneakers for the walk, hundreds of women marched yesterday in New York to protest the increase in domestic violence and to commemorate the third anniversary of the death of Gladys Ricart.  

Known as the March of the Brides, the event was organized by New York Latinas Against Domestic Violence, (NYLADV), a coalition of community organizations and defending womens rights.

In 1999, Gladys Ricart was shot by her ex-boyfriend, Agustin Garcia, a prominent Dominican businessman, on her wedding day to another man. The couple had been in a turbulent relationship which culminated from the womans death in front of her family. 

We are committed to commemorating the death of Gladys every year and the hundreds of women who die everyday as victims of domestic violence, said Mireya Cruz, one of the event organizers while she helped the women with last minute details with their dresses, many donated by Marie Claire magazine.

The idea was inspired by Josie Ashton, a Miami resident who promoted the walk from the victims home in New Jersey to the church in Flushing, where she was going to get married.  Ashton reaffirmed her protest against the tragic events by walking from New York to Miami, which took almost a month.

In the past year there has been a reported 290,000 cases of domestic violence in the city and 100 women have died. The majority are women of color.

Puerto Rican Edna Cuevas Gambina, 38, is the mother of two. She has been a victim of violence since she was a child and by the two men she last shared her life with. I do not want to live like this anymore, always afraid, unappreciated and beaten. The violence must stop and this is a way to do it.

Many of these women attended this event frightened of their men and some suffer in silence the abuse in their homes because they are undocumented or because of their economic dependence.

Lethy Dennisse Liriano, 20, is the niece of Gladys Riscat, and a student at Columbia University. She arrived very early to the event.  I will never be a victim of violence like my aunt. The crime was so unexpected and violent that it traumatized the whole family. But I have realized that it isnt only about her case. Men are not toys. They can kill you, said the young woman as she was picking up the train of her dress. 

The commissioner of HRS, Verna Eggleston was present and City Councilmembers Manuel Martinez and Margarita Lopez.

I never thought Id ever dress up as a bride but today I do it for the Latina woman. To stain the white dress of a bride is to stain love itself. The violence is a thing of the past, said Lopez as she walked to the dressing room.
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              <text>In previous years, many Bangladeshis visited their native country to celebrate the Eid Festival, the greatest festival of the Muslims after Ramadan. However, according to travel agents and immigration lawyers, few are leaving the U.S. this year because of tightened immigration policies and the economic recession.</text>
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              <text>This year, the number of Bangladeshis who intended to visit their native country on the occasion of the Eid Festival was less than previous years. Restrictions at the airports and the economic recession are said to be the major reasons people were discouraged from visiting their home country. This information was gathered from travel agents and immigration attorneys. 

According to available reports, in other years, immigrants in the United States on various visas, used to apply for visas earlier to visit their home country to observe the Eid Festival, the greatest festival of the Muslims after Ramadan, the month of fasting. 

In the past, many people went to their home country and duly returned after observing Eid. But after September 11th, many people, who had traveled to their native country even with a visa, faced problems returning to the United States. Quite a good number of such visitors have been sent back to Bangladesh from different U.S. airports on the next flight out, or after being held at a detention center for few days. 

Immigration attorneys advise those who have already applied for status based on marriage or work certification, but have not yet settled the issue, or those who have been granted political asylum, but have not yet received their green card, to refrain from visiting their home country until their case is settled. 

But there are not many problems for those who are here on the Certificate of Special Studies program or for programs with the League of United Latin American Citizens. Many people who have applied under the Schools Around the World program, and returned on weekend, also faced a lot of problems because many of the immigration officials working at different airports were not aware of the program. During weekends, when the INS office is closed, the official working at the airport failed to obtain necessary permission from INS authorities. Many of those returning from their home countries have faced problems of detention at the airport. 


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