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                  <text>The Independent Press Association (IPA) translates articles from the ethnic press (when necessary) and distributes them via web and fax newsletter to mainstream and ethnic press, government offices, nonprofits, and interested individuals.  Voices That Must be Heard was designed by the Independent Press Association staff in New York City in response to the horrifying events of September 11.  After Sept. 11th, Voices focused on the South Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern communities in New York. Since February 2002, the project has expanded, selecting articles from the broad range of ethnic and community newspapers throughout the city. Here, the Archive has preserved the Voices collection from its inception until November 2002.</text>
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              <text>Moinuddin Naser</text>
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              <text>Shahnaj Ahmed of the Queens Child Guidance Center gives a free-ranging interview about problems facing the growing Bangladeshi community in New York.</text>
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              <text>Suspicion, confusion and cynicism are increasing among Bangladeshi families living in the United States. This erodes family values, giving rise to conflicts and feuds among family members, said social worker Shahnaj Ahmed, of the Queens Child Guidance Center.

Ahmed works at the Queens Child Guidance Center, a multi-ethnic organization with a special program for those suffering from depression and familial and social problems. 
One of the major problems of the Bangladeshi families is their illiteracy, Ahmed said, in a free-ranging interview about problems facing the growing Bangladeshi community in New York. Many are illiterate or lack education, and they suddenly lose their balance in a free and educated society. Then they face social and cultural conflicts, especially a gap between parents and the new generation. 

Many parents, without understanding the matter, think the barometer of intelligence is becoming American. Their dream is to teach their children the American culture. But they don't know the consequences. They forget our own history, traditions and culture. 

Ahmed said that clothing style is one source of conflict between parents and children. There are many families that do not want their children to wear short or mini clothes. Many people come to us with these kinds of problems.
Another is family violence. Some days back, Ahmed said, a 15-year-old girl brought serious allegations against her mother. The girl wants to live with her boyfriend. When she informed her mother, she became upset. Once she took her daughter to the school and rebuked her in front of all, saying, I will see you when you will return home. The girl said her mother was trying to harm her. This is very dangerous in the United States. The city social service department is investigating the matter, and we are counseling the family.

Besides family violence, another problem in our community is that many Bangladeshis don't want to call the police even when they are the victims of an incident. 

Besides addiction to drugs, teenage pregnancy and other problems are gradually increasing in our society.  I think this is the time for us all to speak up about these problems, said Ahmed. 

She added that different community-based organizations may play an important role, and mosques and religious educational institutions can host special counseling. 
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              <text>The revolution is back and this timeits cultural. The search for a new director for El Museo del Barrio has begun behind closed doors, excluding the community that gave it birth. Educators, activists and professionals in harmony with Community Board 11 are clamoring for representation in the selection process that has locked them out since the new board took over in 1986.

Sprung from the pain of Puerto Rican artists, activists and educators struggling for identity, history and expression 33 years ago, El Museo del Barrio today enjoys more funding, personnel, prestige and professionalism than any other Latino arts organization. 

Yet, there are no Puerto Rican curators or educators employed at El Museo. A rehabbed firehouse at 104th between Lexington and Third, founded in 1979 as a community art school and once run by local El Museo artists, stands abandoned. The Three Kings Day parade, initiated as an East Harlem tradition in 1978, has not grown in funding, stature or pageantry since El Museos new board took over.

This is even more telling when no one board member was present for this historically racially diverse community parade, even as newly elected Mayor Michael Bloomberg made this event his first public appearance. 

The bigger issue then becomes: how do we reconcile the needs of a still-marginalized community with the demands of the fine arts world? Without people of color and community artists on this elite and powerful board, that issue will remain unresolved. El Museo del Barrio will eventually follow the Museum of the City of New York to an improved location (code word for white) unless the city and politicians intervene.

Yet, El Barrio is growing so fast culturally that the nubohemian movement of the cultural corridor will pick up where El Museo leaves off. El Taller Boricua, ironically enough instituted in response to the white washing of another defunct institution (Friends of Puerto Rico, which also placed more value on the fine arts world than the community that conceived it), is leading the new movement of community arts organizations. Their collective mission mirrors El Museos original calling to educate, communicate and demonstrate a bond of solidarity that is Puerto Rican in focus and Latin American in scope. Here in the cultural corridor, art doesnt necessarily need to be in galleries as much as it needs to be directly connected with the everyday reality of the people. 

Just last month an open door art and cultural showcase took place on 106th Street and Lexington Avenue that recalled the bohemian Village days of the 70s. 

Led by young artists and poets of Mixta Gallery, El Taller brought the gallery outdoors to the street, and individual artists opened their studios to the public. Musicians and performers danced and played on the pavement from 105th to 107th Streets while community folks stopped, stared, inquired and participated in the mirth. Every Thursday, Taller Boricua hosts Julias Jam, a cultural smorgasbord of art, music, dance, poetry and literature at a formerly abandoned elementary school rescued from shelter status and salvaged as the Julia de Burgos Cultural Center, sporting art galleries, a theater in the round and artists residencies. </text>
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              <text>The year 2001 began with high hopes for many immigrants. The enactment of the Legal Immigration and Family Equity (LIFE) Act in December 2000 allowed some foreign nationals to get a green card or gain lawful status in the United States under the family unification provisions of the Act. Consequently, there was a frantic stampede for status adjustment under LIFE, which expired April 30, 2001. There were also high hopes for a fair and just immigration policy reform agenda that would include amnesty for the undocumented.

In the year 2001, labor unions formulated an unprecedented call for legalization of undocumented workers. Moreover, there was much fanfare surrounding President George W. Bushs and Mexican President Vicente Fox Quesadas bilateral Immigration Reform proposal. It would have tackled such issues as amnesty for undocumented immigrants and curtailment of migrant smuggling. Immigrant advocacy groups were pushing for the legalization provisions to be all-inclusive, not just for Mexicans. As a matter of fact, one week before the September 11th tragedy, the Senate passed legislation to extend the special adjustment status of the LIFE Acts status, which was slated for approval by Congress on September 11, 2001 but its ratification is now in jeopardy. 

The immigration agenda has become a casualty of September 11th. It is collateral damage in the war against terrorism as draconian anti-immigrant regulatory and legislative measures proliferate. 

The U.S. government, under the antiterrorist legislative provisions, is quietly rounding up thousands of immigrants. It is refusing to release the names of the captives, carrying out domestic surveillance operations, conducting racial/ethnic profiling campaigns, tracking, apprehending, detaining, arresting, persecuting, jailing, prosecuting, convicting and deporting non-citizens with no judicial appeal.

Despite vociferous protest from civil rights and immigrant advocacy groups, these measures are intensifying.  The assault has created a climate of fear in immigrant communities. For many, the land of hope and opportunity quickly turns to a horrendous nightmare. Many poor, hardworking vulnerable immigrants feel they have no protection under the law. The anti-terrorist measures on the domestic front targets and stigmatized immigrants. The McCarthy-like assault cries out for immediate public policy intervention to protect civil rights, including the rights of immigrants, regardless of their status.
Until that happens, here are some suggestions for people who are not U. S. citizens:

&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you are in the United States illegally, be careful. A mere traffic violation could result in your being listed in the FBIs National Crime Center database.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Be very careful about personally visiting the INS. Remember that the INS is a law enforcement agency that locates and deports immigrants.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;If you are apprehended by a law enforcement agent, do not resist.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Ask for legal counsel before disclosing any information.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Beware of con artists and operators who offer to get you a green card for a fee to legalize your immigration status.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;While many agencies and lawyers provide confidential, affordable and competent immigration assistance services, beware of those who charge excessive fees, are dishonest or have no training in immigration law.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;If you think that you or someone you know has been a victim of fraud, contact an agency providing immigration services.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;If you are eligible for U.S. citizenship, get it now.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

The information presented herein is general in nature and provided as a public service. It is not to be construed as legal advice. For legal advice pertaining to an immigration case, consult an immigration attorney or an accredited, INS-designated agency that provides immigration services at no charge or for a nominal fee.
Caribbean Womens Health Associations (CWHA) Immigration Service Center is located at 123 Linden Boulevard (between Bedford and Rogers Avenues) in Brooklyn. Call (718) 826-2942. CWHA is a not-for-profit organization accredited to represent clients before the INS. The Center provides comprehensive, high-quality, low-cost immigration legal services. 

Dr. Marco A. Mason is the executive director of Caribbean Womens Health Association (CWHA).  He is a sociologist with more than 20 years of professional experience in immigration policy and law. He is duly accredited to practice immigration law before the Immigration and Naturalization Court and the Board of Immigration Appeals.</text>
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              <text>BP/Amoco is a big company trying to get biggerwhich is why its proposed $3 million venture on a corner in  Bedford Stuyvesant raises some questions.  Questions such as, what about the locally-owned Amoco franchises right around the corner? </text>
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              <text>BP/Amoco executives must have thought it would be a piece of cake, delivering a sweet deal to a local Brooklyn community board.

Had they done their homework, they would have learned that Community Board 3 is one of the strongest, if not most vociferous, organizations in New York City.

BP/Amoco is a big company trying to get bigger.  That is why their proposed $3 million venture on a corner of Bedford Stuyvesant raises some questions.  

Four years ago, on New Years Eve, British Petroleum, for $55 billion, acquired the U.S.-based Amoco, whose own corporate ancestral roots go back to Rockefeller Standard Oil.  

The company is not without its problems; some consider it one of the worlds largest polluters, and before the merger, both Amoco and BP had their troubles in this area.  

So on the second Monday of January 2002, polite BP/Amoco emissaries (only one  who flew in from Virginia  wore a designer suit) came to town to talk about their new local expansion plan: a gas station and store that would be good for the neighborhood.  The beautiful site would have baked goods, a nice patch of grass and solar-paneled canopy plus 34 jobs for area residents.  Promise.

They also informed the board that the New York project is the first expansion project in the country.  And, We want to be honest with you. We will make more money on the convenience stores, than on the gas.

What about the bodegas and the several other gas stations already in the area, asked a community resident.  The executive dismissed the question with the terse comment, Were not worried about the competition and were not here to put anyone out of business.  We made a note of his smile.  

Did you contact the church right next door to the property? No.

 How does this impact the community?  34 jobs will be available.

 Any community outreach plans?  Dont know.

At that, Sharonnie Perry announced that the community residents directly affected by the project should be included in the discussion, and put on hold the boards decision on whether to okay the project until the next meeting.  She invited the Amoco executives to present at the February meeting to be held in the neighborhood where BP/Amoco wants to do business.

At the time, we were not aware that people of color owned at least three gas stations in the area.  Nor did we know that they were Amoco stationsincluding one at Tompkins and Myrtlea block from the planned Amoco site 

We would find out at the next monthly Community Board 3 meeting.

Bed-Stuy residents, ministers and business owners who work near the Marcy/Myrtle site in North Brooklyn where BP/Amoco wants to do big business, didnt mince words at the Community Board public meeting at P.S. 33 about the BP/Amoco project last month.

Some 200 people showed up at the Community Board meeting, ready to hear Amocos presentation, only to find there would be no presentation. Amoco sent a lawyer from the firm that is dealing with its variance requests.  

With all due respect, Board Chair Sharonnie Perry said to the stand-in, I am offended.  We called this meeting so that the community can have a voice and someone should have been here to present.

When the floor was opened to the public, the first speaker held up a copy of Our Time Press.  She said, I just heard about this meeting today.  It is only fair that people be made aware of what is happening in the community by the people who want to come in here.   

 The voice of the people is the harmony of the law, said Rev. Whittaker about Amocos plans to build a highly profitable, state of the art food-and-gas combo quick-stop.

Whittaker spent the first 18 years of his life growing up in the nearby Tompkins Houses, a few blocks from the targeted site.  He thinks a multi-cultural community center is a better idea.   We have to pick up our voices now or no one will hear us.  

Ms. Margaret M. Thomas, youth and education advocate, who is chair of the Brooklyn Branch of the NAACP, announced, To Rev. Whittaker and all the ministers and the community, I stand on your behalf.   I have spent 28 years at PS 44. I know what the system is all about.  Our children dont have school desks.  Amoco, if you want to come here, invest in that.  You would not go into another community to pull this off!

Hazel Dukes and NAACP are joining forces with the community to tell Amoco, No! We wont have it.

Robert Baird Patterson, a historian and Director of MAMA (Myrtle Avenue Merchants Association) said, they tried this before, but because its across from a residential area they cant do it!

Alma Carroll, a longtime Bedford Stuyvesant resident, said, there should be alternatives to this site. We have gas stations, we have grocery stores, and we need a senior center and low-cost housing.

Mrs. McDonald, PTA President of PS 33, said, A lot of students have asthma in this neighborhood. They dont need another gas station near here.  We dont need a bakery.  I cook for my children.

A priest asked, What will happen to the people who are already (in the business of) selling? And the people who buy from them?  You think they want to buy a loaf of bread that will cost them twice as much money?

A clergywoman stood tall, raising her fist:  Take the message back to the elected officials that the people have spoken. We live here, and cant even find out who owns vacant land around here.  (BP) comes over here from Europe and in 30 days they know whats going on.  And then they offer us only 34 jobs and some grass.  Bedford-Stuyvesant is Not for Sale!

One community board member called for a plan of action and warned the residents, If you do not have an organized approach, its meaningless. We go home, and nothing happens. We say. No. Then the Board of Appeals says, Yes.   Instead of being emotional, you need to go into this with a strategy for the Board of Appeals, instead of being emotional.  

Perhaps the most poignant voices were those of Alfonso Vargas, 29, and Richard Alleyne, 38.   The young men run nearby Amoco gas stations and have employees.  They, too, came to talk to Amoco executives directly.  Area residents are concerned that the presence of the Amocos new project will put the smaller stations out of business.  BP/Amoco seems to be throwing them to the side, said one business owner in the area, They are the franchisees who took the risks in this neighborhood.  Now that the market is confirmed, BP/Amoco is coming in and putting them out of business. Mr. Vargas and Mr. Alleyne epitomize the so-called American Dream; pull yourself up by the bootstraps.  They are from the community.  Its not fair.  Amoco should be ashamed.  

We are parents, said Vargas, who is married with two young children.  The new station may start a price war, and drive customers away.

Richard Alleyne, father of twins and owner of the station at Bedford and Willoughby Avenues, said, We take our neighbors as our families, and we agree there are other things that can be put into the community.  Our question is:  why dont they invest in or upgrade existing sites?  Like Alfonsos, which is a block away.

I agree with Our Time Press, said Vargas, who grew up in the area. We already have gas stations and grocery stores. They say the project will add 34 jobs, but how many will be lost, if (Richard and I) lose our businesses?  

Wilma Maynard, chair of the Boards Housing/Land Use Committee, says BP/Amoco will go before the Board of Standards and Appeals in the near future to state their case for approval of a change in zoning to accommodate their plans. The targeted area is C-1 zoned for small businesses: bodegas, cafes, boutiques, and the like. At the moment, Amocos plans do not conform to Board of Standards &amp; Appeals regulations for the area, which sits in the shadow of the Marcy Housing projects. To meet its objective, Amoco wants to install huge underground storage tanks for 8 pumps including building concrete vaults for the storage facility.

The community will have an opportunity to present their views. They should prepare their testimonies, and be ready.  It may be two days notice about the meeting. Ms. Maynard says they will know the dates for Amocos appeal before the Appeals Board, soon after the March Our Time Press goes to press.</text>
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                <text>BP/Amoco is a big company trying to get biggerwhich is why its proposed $3 million venture on a corn</text>
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              <text>Competing interests and fierce rivals meet again in Japan and Korea for the World Cup this month.  According to Pele, the particular circumstances of the different competitions make this years World Cup one of the most contentious of the modern age.  I agree.  Seldom have teams like Brazil, Italy, and Argentina, among others who are natural title favorites, arrived at the World Cup with such similar athletic ability. Argentina may excel slightly, but surely not enough to take home the cup. Though we will see encounters on a par with these, they will not necessarily be as emotional.
	
Rival nations Japan and Korea will both play host to the World Cup this year, when their competing social and political interests will converge in soccer.  However, this is not to say that the World Cup will be a joint venture. On the contrary, there will be two different tournaments, one in each country, under the umbrella of the FIFA.  

Other historical rivals such as Argentina and England will face off on the soccer field.  In this heavily anticipated match, the controversy over the Falkland Islands and these nations animosities will once again return to the forefront of public attention.

It will definitely be a tournament to enjoy, even if we have to join the fight with two other antagonists, namely the desire to watch the games live and the need for sleep. The majority of the games will air between 2:25 a.m. and 9:30 a.m.

As for my predictions, it seems that Croatia has a good chance to become one of the four finalists.  Portugal will finally have its day, so to speak, and Cameroon will become the African sensation, though they may be defeated in the third round. England may have its turn at winning after so much struggle and generations of wasted players.  However, they must first decide whether to bring back David Beckham or scrape to make due without him, and the money he brings to the team.</text>
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              <text>At least a dozen Filipino-Americans were among the 2,000 new recruits sworn in on July 2 to the New York Police Department (NYPD) by Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Police Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly. 

Nearly half of the recruits are minorities. The class is one of the most ethnically diverse and highly educated classes in NYPD history, according to Bloomberg, whowith Kellypresided over the ceremony at Brooklyn Technical High School.  The mayor said the batch is also the first class of recruits since the September 11th terrorist attacks.  The new Fil-Am cops are part of the five percent of the new Asian-American members of the NYPD.

Most recruits are still Caucasians, at 54 percent, followed by Hispanics at 24 percent, and African-Americans at 16 percent. 

These men and women begin the next stage in joining and contributing to the greatest law enforcement agency in the worldthe NYPD, Bloomberg said. They will be asked to continue to effect the historic drop in crime, while also protecting us from the new realities of the dangerous world we live in.

We will ask these recruits to do both of these things at a time when everyone needs to do more with less. I thank the members of the new class for dedicating their lives to ensuring the publics safety, and I am confident that they will help keep New York the safest and most secure large city in the United States, the mayor continued.

The new class of recruits will spend the next eight months at the Police Academy in Manhattan preparing for the challenges of serving as police officers in the Big Apple. The recruits will receive both classroom instruction and hands-on experience, including field, firearm, and counterterrorism training.

Following eight months at the Academy, the Department will assign the graduates to precinct commands throughout the city.  Kelly said each of the recruits has completed at least 60 college credits. In addition, he said 15 have earned masters degrees while two others have earned juris doctorates.

The majority of recruits are city residents and more than 300 served in active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces, the commissioner said. They join the NYPD at an important time in our citys history. We will look to them to help us continue to guard against the threat of terrorism and to continue to suppress crime to record lows.</text>
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              <text>When the Aguilar Language Learning Center opened its doors six years ago, its students were almost exclusively Spanish speakers; in fact, 90 percent were Mexican.  Since then, however, the center, as well as El Barrio, grew to include large numbers of African, Turkish, Pakistani, Nepalese, and Angolan visitors.</text>
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              <text>When the Aguilar Language Learning Center opened its doors six years ago, its students were almost exclusively Spanish speakers; in fact, 90 percent were Mexican.  Since then, however, the center, as well as El Barrio, grew to include large numbers of African, Turkish, Pakistani, Nepalese, and Angolan visitors.  Brooks Emerson, director of the Aguilar Center, affectionately refers to it as the United Nations Center.  People from different nations converge here daily, and though they may not share the same language or culture, they all have a common goal: learning English.

Located in the Aguilar branch of the New York Public Library at 110th Street between Lexington and Third Avenues, the center offers its services to people older than 16 who do not attend school and whose knowledge of English does not exceed a fourth-grade level.

With an average of 800 visitors a month and around 45 students a day, the center has experienced in a sharp increase in enrollment over the last two years; currently, there are 135 students actively enrolled.  The center has 17 computers for both students and visitors with more than 100 literacy, pronunciation, and conversation programs at different levels.  The center is also equipped with audio-visual programs and a large collection of textbooks and bibliographical materials.

The center offers small reading and writing workshops conducted by volunteers.  The eventual goal of these classes is for students to be able to write a letter or put together a résumé.  Students in these more advanced groups enroll in a year-long course that meets twice a week.

The Aguilar Center was born out of a community investment initiative by Banco Santander in El Barrio.  The program has since been continued by the New York City Adult Literacy Initiative.  Emerson, who started at the center as a volunteer in 1996 and became director in 1997, is a silent hero who has helped thousands of immigrants learn English.  Last month, Emerson decided to the leave the center to teach English in Turkey. He said he wants to know first-hand the experience of living in a country without the full knowledge of the native language.  This is what millions of newcomers to the United States must do in order to overcome their often minimal knowledge of English and get ahead.</text>
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              <text>Brothers Restaurant offers Haitian rice and beans and tassot, white rice and beef in okra sauce, chicken gizzards, and American treats like french fries, and macaroni and cheese on the same menu. While their foods go well together, it is a stark contrast to the reality of the relationship between Haitian-American and African-American children at the local high school and their parents.

In March, a fight broke out between about a dozen African-American and Haitian students, a few days after a handful of African-American teenagers told some Haitian students who wanted to attend an off-campus party that they were not welcome. The Ashbury Park Press reported that four boys, ages 16 and 17, were charged with simple assault, disorderly conduct and rioting. A 16-year-old filed a complaint against a fifth boy, a 15-year-old, for a chair that was thrown at him. The 16-year-old had to get 10 stitches over an eye.

Theres always been this tension between the African-American students and the Haitian population, said Antonio Lewis, school superintendent in Ashbury Park. It is based primarily on ignorance.

A Panamanian man who has worked in Ashbury Parks school system for 10 years, Lewis said adults have a lot to do with the ignorance that has persisted through the generations. The superintendent said African-Americans viewed Haitians as non-blacks. Haitians, he said, tried to embrace African-Americans at first, but the younger generation has decided to treat the African-Americans the same way African-Americans treat them. In the towns one middle school and one high school, students would bring disputes from the streets to the classrooms.

Herman Larose, vice president of the Coalition for Haitian-American Empowerment, arrived in Ashbury Park 17 years ago. He said African-Americans were jealous of the work, business, houses, cars and progress that Haitians were making and accused them of trying to take over the town. 

This week, as Haitiansboth those born here and those from Haitiproudly display their music, food, dress, dance and religion from across the United States, with flags wrapped around some parts of their bodies, so will Ashbury Park Haitians.

The Coalition will present a cultural show and Flag Day parade May 18. The celebration will feature two youth contests; one for the best flag costume and another for best writing about Haiti. Jean Villa Saraison, president of the Coalition for Haitian-American Empowerment, said the contest is open to all because the coalition works with youth of all backgrounds to education them about each other.

We try to tell them that were the same, Saraison said. If there is any advancement taking place in the town, its not only Haitians who will benefit.

A Haitian doesnt go anywhere for nothing, Larose said. They go for work and to make money.

George Wilson, a sociologist at the University of Miami, said it is common for Haitian immigrants to conflict with other groups as they settle in the New York metropolitan area. 

What might be going on is that the working class is coming into direct conflict and competition, Wilson said.

The U.S. Census reports that there are 16,799 residents in Ashbury Park. Larose said about 6,000 of them are Haitian. He said counting those living in nearby towns Neptune and Ocean, there is a total of 10,000 Haitians in the area. A semi-industrial hamlet 50 miles south of New York City, housing construction, Caribbean and Mexican-owned businesses, and factories mingle along its main streets. 

The seashore town has changed since the mid-1990s when people visited the town for entertainment. Its famous boardwalk along the Atlantic Ocean and historical buildings are now decrepit, isolated or being renovated. 

In Bruce Springsteens Greetings from Ashbury Park, the musician sings about the fate of this once jewel of the Jersey Shore that started its trip downhill in the early 1980s, about the same time Haitians began settling here.

Mark Moran, a former resident who grew up there during its heyday, wrote in Weird New Jersey, Whatever could go wrong in Ashbury Park, did. The economy crashed. The working class ran out of work and became the welfare class. The mental patients and druggies moved in. So did the prostitutes.

Saraison said, This is an area that was run down that is now being rebuilt. Its mostly foreigners doing that.

Saraison said one of the goals of the coalition is to organize the Haitian population in Ashbury Park into a strong economic and political force.

Felix Estivaine, chef at Brothers Restaurant, said area Haitians could do more. Maybe they are afraid to go forward, said Estivaine. Theyre living, but there are Haitians in other places who are living better.

Up until about a decade ago, many Haitian-Americans born in the United States kept their Haitian parentage a secret for fear of being targeted. Those who grew up here over the past 30 years tell stories of being chased, beaten and insulted with words.

Rudolph Pierre, chairman of the citys Housing Authority, told the Ashbury Park Press that he and his brother got into fights with African-American students when they came from Haiti in 1965.

We had to fight our way to acceptance because we spoke a different language, he said. Our culture was different.

According to the Ashbury Park Press, community leaders have asked school administrators to help resolve the conflict between the students and that the school district responded by conducting two forums on Haitian and African-American relations during the months before the March fight.

Students, teachers and parents demanded that those involved in the March brawl be expelled from the high school, Lewis said. Lewis put the eleven students involved, both Haitian and African-American, into an after-school and Saturday program that is held in one room.
It has been a tremendous success, Lewis said. These youngsters are interfacing with one another. We have not had a problem since. </text>
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              <text>As Han Arem Market, one of the biggest Korean food retail stores in the United States, prepares to open its new branch in Murray Hill, Flushing, many Korean supermarkets have begun a bitter struggle for survival in this heavily Korean-populated area.</text>
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              <text>As Han Arem Market, one of the biggest Korean food retail stores in the United States, prepares to open its new branch in Murray Hill, Flushing, many Korean supermarkets have begun a bitter struggle for survival in this heavily Korean-populated area.  

Indeed, cutthroat competition seems unavoidable. Han Arem plans to launch a large promotion at the end of this month, when its Han Arem Asian Market in Murray Hill opens. And Han Yang Super Market and Assi Plaza are preparing to retaliate with major sales on summer merchandise.  

Heeyun Park, the general manager of Assi Plaza, said, Were taking measures to counteract the opening of the 15th Han Arem Asian Market.  We will drastically lower the prices of summer merchandise and improve our services, so that we do not lose our customers.

Accordingly, Assi Plaza has lowered the prices of summer mats, meat, vegetables, and barbecue supplies, in addition to beans and glutinous rice cakes, which are crucial ingredients for the bean ice flakes with syrup, a traditional Korean summer treat.  Currently, the mats are 20 percent off, while barbecue supplies and ice creams are 10 percent and 50 percent off, respectively.   

Park also said that Assi plans to come up with various bonus prizes that will cater to the individual taste and needs of the customers.    

Han Yang Market, located only six blocks away from the Murray Hill Han Arem, plans to prolong its refrigerator giveaway, which originally started as a special World Cup event and has received favorable responses from customers.  Starting at the end of this month, Han Yang also plans to enlarge its stock of camping and outdoor supplies and lower their prices.     

Jong-gun Oh, the director of Han Yang Market, said, Although some losses are expected from the opening of Han Arem Asian Market nearby, we will fight back with better quality products and high-class services.  
Meanwhile, Han Arem Asian Market is finishing up its interior construction and plans to launch a major publicity campaign to commemorate the grand opening.     </text>
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              <text>SEIU Local 32BJ filed a sexual discrimination lawsuit against the Chapin School, a private school, on behalf of two women workers. The union is up in arms because the women were intimidated and dismissed from their jobs for attempting to join the union.

María Alemán and Elsa González said yesterday that at the end of the vacation period the school informed them they no longer had jobs. They fired us because we signed a card to join the union. Thats the only reason, because they werent giving us any other reason, said Alemán, who worked for several years as a cleaner at the Chapin School, located on the Upper East Side.

José Asiar and Cristian Cedeño are two other workers facing the same misfortune, although school Principal Sandra Theunick let it be known, through a letter, that the schools position was not to oppose unionization. In the letter, the principal says she recognizes the workers right to seek union representation through National Labor Relations Board-supervised elections. 

Local 32BJ said that in a different case, it is charging the school with violating of several basic regulations, such as holding illegal captive meetings with its workers to ask them about their participation in the unionization effort; questioning them about their intention to join the union; threatening supportive employees; offering rewards if they reject the unionizing drive; and printing and distributing intimidating letters in connection to the campaign. 

Regarding the discrimination lawsuit filed by Alemán and González, the union points out that while in June 2002 González and Alemán made $8.47 and $9.42 an hour respectively, most of the male cleaners doing the same type of work made anywhere from $11.29 to $16.24 an hour.

The union underscored that the lawsuit for sexual discrimination includes the charge that The Chapin School never offered the two women full-time work when, in fact, the school could have used their help.
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              <text>In the interest of fostering a more active political and economic exchange between the Salvadoran community living in the United States and their home country, the U.S. Salvadoran Chamber of Commerce will hold the First Democratic and Teaching Forum for the Salvadoran Community on April 21 at Nassau Community College in Garden City, N.Y. On hand will be three representatives of El Salvadors principle political parties: Party of National Conciliation (PCN), Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA), and Farabundo Martí Front for National Liberation (FMLN).

The agenda of this conference seeks a new relationship with political and economic events in the country of our birth, in the quest to build active participation in the development of our community in the United States and our country, said Chamber President Emilio Ruíz.
One of the most interesting aspects of this forum will be the participation of students representing the second generation of Salvadorans living in the United States. Among the discussion topics of concern to this generation is whether it is feasible to pass a bill giving the vote to Salvadorans abroad, as is permitted the citizens of other countries living in the United States. [See Colombian Congress elections held in Queens, in Voices 12.]

The concept is not just political outreach, but business outreach as well, said Ruíz. One of our objectives is to incorporate Salvadorans from all generations into entrepreneurial life as a means of interaction between both countries.
Invited to this years forum are Salvadoran Assemblymen Elizardo González Lovo, of PCN; Dr. Norman Quijano, of ARENA; and Ms. Iliana Rogel, of FMLN.
The Chamber of Commerce says the forum is of central importance for the Salvadoran community with roots in the northeastern United States, in particular for the youth of Salvadoran origin who currently attend colleges and universities in the area. Many of them have demonstrated great interest in participating.

The presence of Salvadoran politicians creates the possibility of establishing a dialogue and a closer relationship in which members of the Salvadoran community in the United States, many of whom have been the primary economic support for their country in the past two decades, can make their voices and concerns heard and begin to open the doors to the establishment of a more active and decisive participation in the future.

Members of our community send over $1.7 billion a year to our country in order to sustain the families who stayed there, said Ruíz. In contrast to what happens in the U.S., the country that we have adopted as our new home, economic power has not been transformed into political power. And its time to make it happen.
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              <text>The recent riots at the Miss World pageant in Nigeria have left even the most battle-hardened Nigerians wondering if the countrys constituent parts are dividing irretrievably. A national sovereign conference may be necessary to determine ways of unifying a Nigeria that is rapidly falling apart.</text>
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              <text>Nigeria went into convulsions again on Nov. 20, and by the end of the almost one week of unrest in Kaduna and Abuja over 200 lives, and property running into millions of Naira, had been destroyed. 

It was not Nigerias first crisis this year. According to government statistics, over 1,000 lives have been lost this year to various ethnic and religious conflicts all over the country. Yet, even the most battle-hardened Nigerians have found the latest bout of unrest unsettling. Many are wondering if this might not be proof that the differences between the countrys constituent parts are widening irretrievably.

The immediate cause of the crisis was an article written by a reporter for Thisday newspaper, which was considered offensive by most Muslims. Even though many agreed that the reporter, Isioma Daniels, should have exercised better judgment in the article, the explosion that greeted the article made many wonder if indeed the rioting was due to the article. Moreover, Thisday has copiously apologized for whatever its transgressions might have been.

At the heart of the anger was the Miss World Beauty contest, which Nigeria was hosting. While Christian and Muslims groups spoke out against the contest as sinful and ungodly, Muslims saw it as a slap on the face because the contest was billed to take place during Ramadan, their holy month. By the time the organizers realized the depth of the opposition and decided on a shift in date, it was seen as too little, too late. 

But does this justify the destructive rage? Nigerians have an unequally divided opinion over this. While many voiced condemnation of this incident, some felt that the rioters have a genuine grievance to express.

Levi Obijiofor, a professor of communications, aptly captured the mood of many Nigerians in an article in The Guardian: On paper, Nigeria and Nigerians say they are a united entity. In practice, the various ethnic and religious groups that constitute Nigeria show deep hated (yes, hatred) for one another. They cannot live together in peace. They cannot resolve disagreements peacefully. The cannot engage in public debate without one group brandishing a gun or a rough-edged machete. Some ethnic and religious groups even feel the only way they can assert themselves in Nigeria is by attempting to eliminate people of other ethnic and religious backgrounds. The highpoint of this union of incompatibles is that political and religious leaders preach tolerance but practice intolerance. Street thugs in Kaduna and Abuja have just provided further evidence that Nigerian unity is a huge joke.

On the other side, former head of state, General Muhammadu Buhari said although he found the activities of the rioters condemnable, it could be justified by the amount of provocation they were exposed to.

One thing that mars any justification for the riots was the disconnect between protest and violence. Though the Nigerian constitution allows for protests, the orgy of destruction and loss of lives caused by the rioters have shocked most Nigerians. And because it has become a regular occurrence to attack Christians and Southerners any time there is a disturbance in the North, many Nigerians are wondering if now is not the time to hold a meeting of all stakeholders in the country. 

At the heart of this divergence of views is the sometimes diametrically opposed ideological and religious differences in the country. While most Nigerians are highly religious, a number of Muslim states in the northern part of the country have sought to fuse religion and governance into a common ideology. The extension of the Sharia legal code to include criminal adjudication by several states in the North, has agitated several Nigeriansespecially as judgments delivered by badly trained Sharia judges have continued to create image problems for the country.

There is a feeling among Nigerians that the country should be working to resolve problems created by over 30 years of military misrule, rather than create additional ones. Among ways advocated for a resolution of the problems is a sovereign national conference, or a conference of ethnic nationalities.

The call for a sovereign national conference has become a refrain in South-West Nigeria because of its immediate past experience under the military. Despite initial opposition, ethnic groups from the East and South-South have also joined the demand. This demand has gained added urgency in the wake of the Kaduna riots and matters were not helped by the public call for the murder of Daniels from the Deputy-Governor of the Zamfara State.

The federal government has been resolutely against this. Both the executive and the legislature have always asserted that as elected representatives of the people, it is their responsibility to discuss issues affecting Nigerians and not other extra-deliberating assemblies.

With the anger among Nigerians, it is safe to state, as Obijiofor said, that, Regardless of what politicians might say, Nigeria is simply clinging loosely and desperately on the precipice of disintegration.

One source of angst has been the perceived kid gloves with which successive governments have treated perpetrators of violence in the past, especially for those that occur in the North.

Afenifere, a Yoruba pressure group, is of the opinion that things go beyond the common belief that the riots were religious. It asserted that they had a political coloration. Afeniferes National Publicity Secretary, Mr. Dayo Adeyeye, said the group was concerned about the partiality of the federal government in dealing with cases of riots in different parts of the country. 

Afenifere, he said, is puzzled as to why the Kaduna and Abuja crises were treated lightly, whereas in other places such as Odi in Bayelsa State, Lagos State and Zaki Biam in Benue State, the federal government came with heavy hands.

It appears as though the government is determined to address these fears. Kaduna State Governor Ahmed Mohammed Makarfi, has ruled out the usual practice of establishing a commission of inquiry to look at the riots. Talking to newsmen following the arrest of those alleged to be involved in the riots, Makarfi said his government is determined to prosecute the men to the letter.

This has been supported by Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo. In his reaction to the carnage, he told journalists that we will do whatever is necessary to confront the situation. This situation has to be confronted. Those who instigated the crisis are callous and they must be brought to book.

If this is not done, then Nigerians might be left to wonder what use is a country that could neither protect their lives or property. Then things might really start to fall apart. 
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              <text>In December, New York Citys unemployment rate jumped to 7.4 percent from 6.9 percent, as the number of jobs lost since the terrorist attacks passed 100,000.  With the economys financial woes, Indian-Americans from all professions have not been insulated from cost-cutting and layoffs. </text>
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              <text>It took him four months of sitting at home, answering advertisements and handing out his resumé, but Swaminathan Ramamurthy thinks he will finally get a new job.

Ill know by next week for sure, the database management consultant said.  Im hoping it goes through, because at least Ill get a break.

Even though the contract itself is small  initially set for only three months  and the company isnt some cutting edge technology firm, Ramamurthy will gladly take it. In this economy, he said, there is little room for being picky, and he counts himself as being fortunate enough to have an opportunity.

In December, New York Citys unemployment rate jumped to 7.4 percent from 6.9 percent, as the number of jobs lost since the terrorist attacks passed 100,000.  Over 22,000 people have been cut from the citys famed banks and investment firms alone. 

With the economys financial woes, Indian-Americans from all professions have not been insulated from cost-cutting and layoffs. For some, it means living with less. 
Ramamurthy said he pared down his expenses to rent, groceries, telephone, basic cable and Internet.  He has a car but hasnt driven it, because it needs repairs, and repairs cost money. 

My family and I have been living off our savings, which are now almost gone, he said with a sarcastic chuckle.  
For others, the uncertainty in the economy means constant worrying about whats ahead. 

I am just taking things day-to-day right now, said Kiran, a young analyst with JP Morgan.  She explained that her term with the financial company would be up in six months, and that the rumor was a large layoff was being planned.  
If the economy was good, I could have been promoted to an associate.  Now Ill have to find a new job, or go back to school.

With a sigh, Kiran, 24, said the failing economy had been on her and her colleagues minds for so long, there was even a sense of apathy towards it.
We had layoffs every week last year, she said.  Everybody talked about it so much, but it takes something like the layoffs at Merrill Lynch to spark any discussion now.  Things happen so rapidly. Were just rolling with the punches.

Being an analyst, Kiran could at least make sense of why things were occurring, and what to expect. 
It is not just about market fundamentals, she explained. Investor confidence plunged after September 11.  The revenues arent there.  People are too apprehensive.  And when people lose jobs, spending goes down.  These things happen in a cycle.  This has to be the worst in ten years. 

But some unlucky people, like Dipak Dasrao, didnt care for cut-and-dried explanations.  Dealing with a recession was bad enough, but Dasrao has also been forced to stomach the disastrous effects of September 11.
I have lost my job. I have lost my life, said Dasrao, 39, who worked as a server for four years in the World Trade Center Marriotts Greenhouse Café.

Marriott decided to close the damaged hotel after the attacks, and laid off all its workers on October 5. Dasrao complained that the chain is opening new hotels in the city, but wont hire him back, because new employees will be paid the minimum for his old job, rather than his old salary of $40,000. 

In protest, he joined a picket line in Times Square, calling on his former employers to help him get a new job.
All my bills, medical, rent, everything will have to stop, said the native of Sylhet, Bangladesh. I gave an important time in my life to Marriott I lost my pension, medical benefits, insurance. Why did they cheat me like that?

One woman, whose family owns restaurants in two major East Coast airports, complained about the difficulty in running the businesses during a bad economy and in a battered industry.

Most people have cut back on their flying, and business travelers dont have the expense accounts like they used to, she said. My high days are now what my low days used to be before September 11.

Passengers were just part of her clientele, she said. The cutbacks in the airline industry employment has fallen more than 21 percent in the last 12 months  have also taken away many airline employees who were regular customers.

There are also tough security measures that make running her restaurant a nightmare: for instance, one of her stores is in the secure area, so she must get deliveries and bring them back because only people with clearance or ticketed passengers can be there. 

Even UPS cant deliver a package to me, she said. And I cant use or give or give out knives.

She said it was unfortunate that the store opened in August. I suppose timing is everything; we never expected such a thing to happen, she said, explaining that the sales in the new store were down 80 percent a month after the attacks, and 50 percent off in December. 

I see this now as a challenge: to get my stores numbers back to where they used to be, and to survive, she said. You have to take it day by day.

Those people with jobs say they are sitting out a tough market in the hopes of finding better employment when things pick up.

I want a higher position, something to do with middle management, said Shamael Khan, an information systems analyst and programmer in Manhattan.

What he wanted was better pay and higher job responsibilities, two wishes that he knows arent going to come true soon. 

Lately, it has been very hard for anyone to find a job, and the computer industry itself has been shattered since the summer, Khan said. 

There is no way out, he continued. I see myself being jammed here in the same position, with the same salary, for at least a year, he said. 

Yet he assured India in New York that he was thankful to have a job, lest someone else were interested in it. 
I pray to God every night, no doubt, he said. I am sure I would have to compete with a lot of people right now for my job. One of my cousins graduated last January with a computer science degree from Rutgers University.  Right now, he is working as a security guard.

Ramamurthy chalked up the current woes of the computer industry to its need for constant training.
There is no dignity of labor in this field, the 17-year veteran said with a laugh. Experience does you no good. You can learn about new software in one month, and be better off than a fellow with 10 years of experience who is not so cutting edge.

He said the cost-cutting mentality would probably alter the industrys demands on its workers too.

Companies are looking for people who can do more than one job, he said. If you were a programmer before, now they want you to do maintenance too. That way, they can merge salaries.

Ramamurthy expected his coming interview would go well, because the match between his needs and the companys was a good one.

These past months have been difficult, he said. 
But I am hopeful things will change.
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              <text>The government in Ottawa is charging that the Bush Administrations new security requirements to screen Canadian immigrants from many countries but not those from white Dominion areas are blatant racism and class warfare. Jamaicans, Trinidadians, Guyanese, Bajans, Grenadians, Antiguans and others are wondering about outcomes that can affect West Indians and Africans who have made Canada their home away from home. </text>
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              <text>Ordinarily, many of the disputes between the U.S. and Canada dont catch and hold the attention of West Indians living in the various provinces of the Dominion of Canada. 

But Jamaicans, Trinidadians, Guyanese, Bajans, Grenadians, Antiguans and others are sitting up and wondering about the outcome of a serious battle being waged by the two neighbors that can affect West Indians and indeed Africans who have made Canada their home away from home.

Its a fight over who in Canada should be forced to secure U.S. immigration visas if they plan to enter the United States. The government in Ottawa is charging the Bush Administration in Washington with blatant racism and class warfare and emotions are getting charged with few people betting on the eventual outcome.

The dispute centers on a plan by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to force some Commonwealth citizens, especially those from the black nations in the Caribbean and Africa to acquire U.S. visas before they can enter the United States. The proposed rule would apply to the West Indians and the Africans who are landed immigrants in Canada, meaning that they have acquired Canadian citizenship, or are permanent residents and have gone through a rigid screening process.

I am annoyed by this, said Denis Coderre, Canadas immigration minister. I have to go to Washington on Nov. 15. I had several reasons to go and now I have another one. There is a perception, right now among Canadians that something is going (wrong) there, meaning between the United States and Canada.

The minister is upset because the proposed plan, would apply to immigrants from the Caribbean, Africa, India and Pakistan, but would exempt immigrants from the white Commonwealth countries of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, along with Singapore and Brunei. 

Canadas Foreign Minister Bill Graham is also upset and plans to raise the issue with Colin Powell, the U.S. secretary of state, whose family tree has roots in Jamaica. Powell has been under fire in recent weeks from Harry Belafonte, the world-famous entertainer and civil rights advocate who compared Powell with a house slave.

Grahams cabinet colleague, Coderre, has gone on record as calling the Bush Administrations plan a form of racial profiling, which would end up creating two classes of Canadian citizens: those who were acceptable to immigration authorities across the border and those who could be denied entry.

And that, says Coderre, is unacceptable to Ottawa.

Just the other day, the Canadian Foreign Ministry took the unusual step of issuing a travel advisory on its website urging Canadians born in Iraq, Iran, Libya, Sudan, Syria, Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan to think twice before traveling to the United States for any reason.

Earlier, Graham had intervened with U.S. officials and succeeded in getting Washington to drop a plan intended to force all Canadian citizens who were born in Iran, Iran, Libya, Sudan or Syria to be fingerprinted and photographed on arrival in the United States. While the Foreign Minister says the decision about Commonwealth citizens and visas was fundamentally a decision of the American authorities, he wants the United States to recognize that the immigrants in Canada are contributing to our economy and they may well be helpful by traveling to the United States for business and other reasons.

That was why he is hoping to be able to persuade the American authorities that this measure isnt necessary.

For its part, the United States said the proposed rules were designed to improve domestic security in the wake of the events of September 11th last year. But Canada has rejected that argument, saying that the permanent residents and landed immigrants from the Caribbean, Africa and elsewhere had already been screened and there wasnt a good reason to investigate them a second time. 

  Caribbean diplomats and other West Indians in Canada are perplexed by the move.

When you exempt some of the Pacific peoples from the continent of Europe, then it does make one raise questions as to really what is, in fact, the motive, said Vic Johnson, Barbados high commissioner in Ottawa. It is quite unfortunate that we are now categorized, even if inadvertently, as persons who are regarded as (security) risks. We dont know what the motives are and what the methodology was that the United States government used to determine the persons whom they have identified to be excluded from easy admission to the United States. But it does look a bit strange that the Caribbean, which does not have a history of terrorism, is being put together with those nations which the United States says poses a risk.

West Indians living in Canada have been moving freely between their adopted home and the United States for decades, visiting relatives who live in New York, Detroit, Miami, Boston, California and other parts of the United States. They also travel to the United States regularly to attend social functions and to conduct business in the United States.

Its more than passing strange that the immigrants in Canada, who are exempt from the U.S. visa requirement, come mainly from countries which are considered white, such as Australia, New Zealand and Britain, said a West Indian in Toronto. It smacks of racial profiling to me and it is important that the Canadian government seek a change of policy.
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                <text>The government in Ottawa is charging that the Bush Administrations new security requirements to scre</text>
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                  <text>The Independent Press Association (IPA) translates articles from the ethnic press (when necessary) and distributes them via web and fax newsletter to mainstream and ethnic press, government offices, nonprofits, and interested individuals.  Voices That Must be Heard was designed by the Independent Press Association staff in New York City in response to the horrifying events of September 11.  After Sept. 11th, Voices focused on the South Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern communities in New York. Since February 2002, the project has expanded, selecting articles from the broad range of ethnic and community newspapers throughout the city. Here, the Archive has preserved the Voices collection from its inception until November 2002.</text>
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              <text>New Jersey?  Its as sought-after as the Hawaiian Islands. Both states are the third most popular destination of new immigrants</text>
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              <text>Katherine Sigelman</text>
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              <text>At 17.5 percent, New Jersey and Hawaii have the third-largest percentages of immigrants, Census figures show. The growing cultural diversity of New Jersey immigrants, and the New Jersey workforce, is forcing the casino industry to change.</text>
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              <text>Streams of newcomers continue to pour into New Jersey, where immigrants, mainly from Latin America and Asia, are settling down.

According to the 2000 Census, New Jersey and Hawaii have, at 17.5 percent, the third-largest percentages of residents from overseas, just after New York and California.

Census experts, such as James Hughes, dean of the School of Planning and Public Policy at Rutgers University, affirm that immigrants are drawn to New Jersey for its proximity to the ports scattered along the Atlantic Coast.  

New Jersey has always been an entrance point for immigrants, said Hughes.  A hundred years ago they disembarked at Ellis Island, and now they land at the airports in New York City and Newark.

From the end of the 19th century through the beginning of the 20th century, the majority of immigrants to settle in New Jersey were European.  However, in recent decades, the immigrants origins shifted.  According to the 2000 Census, among New Jersey residents born overseas, approximately 43 percent (1,476,327 people) are of Latin American origin, while almost 28 percent are from Asia, and only 24 percent are from Europe.  

According to Hughes, these changes began to take effect after immigration law reforms enacted in the 1960s, which facilitated immigration from Latin America and Asia to the United States.

While most immigrants in New Jersey live in the northern and central parts of the state, two cities in the south, Atlantic City and Ventnor, have the highest percentage of residents born overseas.  About 10,000 immigrants now live in Atlantic City, many of whom work in the casino industry.

The workforce today is culturally much more diverse than it was 15 years ago, said Craig Keyser, executive vice president of human resources for the Trump casino.  Years ago, it was not uncommon for casino staff to be from Mexico and Puerto Rico, Keyser said. Today, casinos employ immigrants from Honduras, Costa Rica, and Ecuador.  These and other ethnic changes are creating a need for casinos to adapt themselves to the varied ethnic and cultural backgrounds of their employees.

For example, Keyser noted that various casinos today serve special ethnic foods in the staff cafeterias, which also helps other employees to understand their different cultures.  This helps us to create a better understanding of cultural diversity, he said.</text>
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                <text>At 17.5 percent, New Jersey and Hawaii have the third-largest percentages of immigrants, Census figu</text>
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                  <text>The Independent Press Association (IPA) translates articles from the ethnic press (when necessary) and distributes them via web and fax newsletter to mainstream and ethnic press, government offices, nonprofits, and interested individuals.  Voices That Must be Heard was designed by the Independent Press Association staff in New York City in response to the horrifying events of September 11.  After Sept. 11th, Voices focused on the South Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern communities in New York. Since February 2002, the project has expanded, selecting articles from the broad range of ethnic and community newspapers throughout the city. Here, the Archive has preserved the Voices collection from its inception until November 2002.</text>
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              <text>For over roughly half a century, Haitians have fled to America to escape the dictatorship and misery of their homeland. The still-young Haitian community in the United States, divided over its attachment to its homeland and ambivalent about the model of American life, continues to search for an identity.</text>
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              <text>Over roughly a half century, more than two million Haitians have either found refuge or were born in the United States.  America is the first place Haitians turn to as they flee the dictatorship in and misery of their homeland, the poorest in the West.

Although the Haitian community has been established in the United States since the 1960s, its racial roots on the continent date back to the 18th century.  Wealthy French merchants, who regularly traveled to the American colonies  Louisiana, South Carolina, New Orleans  customarily brought their Haitian slaves with them, some of whom decided to stay.  Later, after the Haitian Revolution in 1804, many Haitian servants chose to join their old masters in America.

Massive immigration to the United States did not begin until the 1960s, when refugees fled Jean-Claude (Papa Doc) Duvalier and his regime of persecution.  Doctors, lawyers, teachers, agronomists, and accountants began to settle on the East Coast.  In New York, they chose to live in Harlem, around Columbia University.  A middle class Haitian immigrant community gradually formed.  New York was the promised land of milk and honey, recounted a smiling Garry Pierre-Pierre, editor-in-chief of the Haitian Times, New Yorks only English-language Haitian news weekly, who arrived in the United States at the age of eight and later married an American.  Back home, photos circulated of those who had succeeded here.  They were dressed in the American style, proudly posing in front of their cars, symbols of their social status, said the journalist, trying to convince those who had not yet taken the step to emigrate.

Yet in the 1990s, immigration became more difficult.  This is when the first boat people reached the American coast, a phenomenon that continued up until Oct. 29, when 229 people requesting political asylum landed in Miami after an eight-hour voyage in precarious conditions.  At the same time, the economic profile of those who immigrated grew poorer, with country farmers increasingly being the ones who wanted to get to America.  Community centers, which didnt exist in the 1980s, multiplied in response to the demand, providing help for new immigrants filling out official forms and adapting to the American way of life.  At schools during recess, children of first-generation Haitian immigrants made fun of newcomers. Likewise, the gap widened between those who were born here (more than half) or arrived as young children and had been Americanized by virtue of the educational system, and the others, who often still considered themselves in exile, expecting to return to their country.  

Such a return has proved more and more difficult given the current bogged-down state of affairs in Haiti.  Since 80 percent are American citizens, out of necessity, the Haitian community has seen to it that its people have become more sophisticated, explained Pierre-Pierre, so that they better understand the country where they live and the way their community functions. A few years ago, if I went to a local hairdresser, for example, and encouraged him to apply for American citizenship in order to vote, he didnt understand.  Today I see that theres been a lot of progress and its going to continue.  Its inevitable.  It is the mission of Haitian Times, explains the journalist, to be the bridge that connects directly into the heart of the Haitian-American community. 

As in all diasporic communities, the goal is to achieve a balance between attachment to ones native country and its traditions, which can be very strong for recent immigrants, and integration into ones adopted country.  And, taking into account the uniqueness of the Haitian community, he says we must create for ourselves a new identity.  We are black but we speak French.  This makes us exotic but also certainly odd.  Added to this are the thorny problems of relations between Haitian-Americans and African-Americans.  There is peaceful coexistence in New York but relations are tense in Florida, where Haitians dont hesitate to make their voices heard, and are frequently compelled to bring up immigration problems.  Between 1990 and 1999 the Haitian population there has more than doubled, growing from 385,000 to approximately 820,000.

Divided, essentially, between New York (approxamately 841,000), Florida, New Jersey (133,000), and Massachusetts (78,000) and extending south, particularly to Texas (24,000) and west to California (10,300), the Haitian community is still very close-knit. Like most ethnic groups, it has its restaurants, stores, numerous shops for religious articles and media outletsthree French and one English-language weekly newspapers, several radio stations broadcasting in Creole and French and local television programs.  But, more and more, its tending to open itself to the outside world.  Everyone knows one another, explains Garry Pierre-Pierre.  With our community centers, our churches as well as our media, we have many occasions to be together.  But in our progression from being a community of exiles to one of immigrants, we are taking steps towards more interaction with non-Haitians.  When our children go to school, we must meet the principal  In this way, daily life obliges us to go outside of our community.

Proof of this is evident in the socio-professional distribution of the Haitian community.  There is a significant Haitian presence not only in health-related fields, the most respected professions in this culture, but also in education and financial services.  In New York State, Haitian doctors represent one third of all black doctors despite the much larger number of African-Americans.  On the national level, Haitians account for almost 5,000 doctors and more than 10,000 engineers.  Today 41 percent of Haitian nationals between the ages of 25 and 60 have university degrees.  According to analysts, that figure should grow considerably over the course of the next 20 years.

In politics, Haitians are not idle, with several elected representatives in the northeast and in Florida: Marie St.-Fleur has been a state representative in Massachusetts since 1999, and Philip Brutus has been a state representative in Florida since 2000.  As the number of political participants from the heart of the Haitian community increases, they are happily courted by Republicans and Democrats alike.  Gubentorial candidates Carl McCall and George Pataki both made visits to Haitian-Americans in Flatbush, Brooklyn during the election campaign.  This political courting can take place anywhere, even in church.  There, Haitians, traditionally devout Catholics, find themselves en masse on any given Sunday in a place which offers spiritual as well as social nourishment.  A community in which the slight majority vote Democratic, according to observers, Haitians seem convinced that this party is most favorable to them, particularly on matters of immigration.  

The images of boat people throwing themselves into the water upon arrival at the Miami waterfront last month was on the minds of many this past November 5th.  Haitians are politically liberal and socially conservative, qualified Garry Pierre-Pierre, who regrets that few Haitians go to the polls.  In order to heighten his readers awareness, his newspaper insists that, in voting, residents can demand accountability from their government on matters of education, housing, garbage collection, road repairs and hospitals.  This lack of interest in American politics can be explained by a reluctance to adapt to the American way of life and its political system, but also by a certain firmly-rooted bitterness in the minds of many Haitians.

Expressing his feelings regarding the isolation of this old French colony, wounded not only by history, but also by the chaos that currently reigns there, Pierre-Pierre laments, It took 80 years for the United States to recognize Haiti, the first independent black country, as a nation.  Other countries didnt take as long to recognize us.  And today, Israël Camille and Odatte Ronel, his colleagues at Radio Lakay, a radio station which broadcasts in French and Creole via the Internet, agreed with that sentiment, regretting that Western nations have punished Haiti by declaring a de facto embargo.  The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have, indeed, called for the establishment of true democratic process in order for economic aid to resume.  For their part, in 2000 the United States suspended anallocation of US$500,000 which had been earmarked for multilateral aid.

In a community where return to the homeland remains an ever-present objective, the French language continues to play a unifying role.  If those who are more Americanized have somewhat neglected French in favor of English, the language of integration, and have worked hard to make their children trilingual, the language of Molière continues to be used, often mixed in with Creole and English in conversations among friends.  The three francophone weekly newspapers (Haïti Progrès, Haïti en Marche and Haïti Observateur), the many radio stations that broadcast a large number of their programs in French, and the Haitian literature available in French bookstores contribute to keeping French language at the heart of the Haitian community.  When I was in college, I was called  Frenchy.  The girls always asked me to speak in French, mused Garry Pierre-Pierre.

For others, particularly those whose children were born and have gone to school in the United States, English has replaced French.  However, memories of Haiti are never far away.  Back home, the official language, French, is the language not only of the government but particularly of the elite, used by those in power in order to divide the classes, reminds Pierre-Pierre.  If attachment to the French language seems at times far off, Haitians claim to have a state of mind close to that of the former colonists in their native land.  To our way of thinking, we are French, analyzes the journalist  very dogmatic, intellectualizing a lot, culturally very arrogant and proud of our way of viewing the world  

Still young, the Haitian community in the United States, composed of four generations with different pasts, divided over its attachment to its homeland, its French language and ambivalent to the model of American life, continues to search for an identity.
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              <text>The last steel column from Ground Zero was removed May 30, but many immigrants may not even get to see the remains of their loved ones as they are pressured to pack up and leave the land that gave them so much happiness, and finally, death.</text>
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              <text>The last steel column from Ground Zero was removed May 30, but not the misery of those who lost everything on September 11th.

Many immigrants may not even get to see the remains of their loved ones as they are pressured to pack up and leave the land that gave them so much happiness, and finally, death.

Shefali Agarwala went to New Delhi with the remains of her husband in February.  When she returned April 4, the Immigration and Naturalization Service cancelled her H4 visa.
Their reason: she was in India when her husband Alok, an employee at the Cantor Fitzgerald in the World Trade Center died.

The H4 visa was valid till 2003, Agarwala said.  But the INS officials at Newark airport did not want to see it.  They said I have no right to come back to the United States, and I am not eligible for any compensation.

At the airport, she and her eight-year-old son were detained for five hours.  The immigration officials finally allowed them out, but after confiscating their passports.

The INS later issued her two tourist visas, valid for six months, for $195 each.  The officials also asked her to leave the country before the visas expired.  They said she was not eligible for the Patriot Act, which allowed the spouses of those killed on September 11th to stay on till September 11, 2002.

How could one know in advance that the WTC will collapse before going to India? Agarwala  asks.

Fortunately, the federal agencies have agreed to pay her compensation.  She currently lives with her friend Sonia Ladkat, whose husband Ganesh was also killed.  
Ganeshs body is yet to be identified, and Ladkat, who is also on an H4 visa, is unsure about her future after September 11, 2002  will they ask her to leave before they hand over her husbands remains?

Of the 2,823 people who died on September 11, the remains of only 1,092 have been identified.  The authorities say it will be years before the city medical examiners office finishes with the 20,000-odd body parts that have been recovered.  

A bigger and better tower should be built at the site, said Meena Jerath, who lost her husband Prem.

Prem, whose remains are yet to be identified, was a structural engineer with the Port Authority.  He loved the Towers, Jerath said, and believed nothing could destroy them.
The fire force personnel and police who died there are lionized by everybody, said Jerath, who is yet to apply for compensation.  But the officials and society are not paying much attention to the civilians who died.

In a New York cemetery, a little space is marked out for Valsa Raju.  She was an employee of the Carr Futures on the 92nd floor of Tower One.

A cross marks the grave of the 39-year-old mother of two children.  But there are no body parts interned here.  Instead they buried the soil from Ground Zero, her brother Salil Joseph said.

Vinod Kumar Parakkatt, 33, left home that fateful day promising his pregnant wife Jayashree he would be back early to take her to a gynecologist.

He never came back.  And Parakkatt, now mother of two-month-old Kripa, has not received his remains.

Like Ganesh and Alok, Vinod was on H1 visaand, so, Parakkatt too is not sure what the future holds for her.

Their only hope is Senator Robert Torricelli, who has introduced a bill that would grant green cards to the spouses of the victims.  

For the family of Shaheed Mohammed Salman Hamdani, his remains were needed to prove his innocence and heroism.  Till those were identified March 21, there were rumors he had links with terrorists.

A Howard Hughes Medical Institute employee at the Rockefeller University, the 23-year-old left his mothers home in Queens at 8:15 a.m. that day.  A trained emergency medical technician, he is believed to have rushed to the WTC when he heard the newsand perished there during rescue efforts.

Hamdani came to the United States from Pakistan as a one-year-old.  That Sal would rush to the site that horrible Tuesday morning to help his fellow New Yorkers was not a surprise to his colleagues at the university, Universitys Acting President Thomas P. Sakmar said at a memorial service.

At his funeral, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly praised his courage, calling him a true hero.

His mother Talat has initiated a scholarship in his name at the university, for Pakistani-American students to keep her sons memory alive.

And thus do relatives of September 11th victims seek normalcy in the face of uncertainty, clinging on to memories, and hope.</text>
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              <text>Angry because we support the workers claims to be paid, the contractors have gone to the extremes of threatening us with bats and guns, said Nadia Marin-Molina, director of the Workplace Project, located in Hempstead, Long Island.

Every Wednesday evening, the Projects Day Laborers Coordinator Carlos Canales meets with workers who visit the Project saying they are tired of personally collecting their money from their bosses, who made them work long shifts and without paying them.

Rafael Cornejo, Freddy Arreaga and Giovanni Arevalos are some of those workers. Last Wednesday, they filled out forms with which Project staff use to call and send collection letters to the debtor contractors.  

If the phone calls do not work, and they do not respond to the letters that we send them, we will begin a more direct plan of action, Canales said. We post flyers with their names and telephone numbers in their churches and other places they may frequent, so that people will call them.

Sometimes these kinds of pressure tactics work, Canales said. Contractors negotiate their debts with the Project, promising to pay the total amount, usually in a couple of payments, and by showing good faith in fulfilling their obligations. 

Other contractors pretend not to know what is going on, and then we must protest in front of their homes to make them feel ashamed, he added.

Many times, we have been threatened with bats and guns, but fortunately the police protected us and arrested the aggressors, said Marin-Molina, showing pictures of the violent contractors in handcuffs.</text>
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                <text>Weve been threatened: The Workplace Project in Hempstead advocates on behalf of Latino day laborers</text>
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              <text>The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) and Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) have started a third round of arrests of Pakistanis. In the last four weeks 12 Pakistanis have been picked up from their homes in early morning raids. Of those arrested, many have been issued deportation orders.

On April 19, Naeem Sheikh, a limousine driver, was stopped in Manhattan by the police. They checked his immigration status on a computer in the police vehicle and arrested him for being in violation of a deportation order issued in Chicago in 1989. Naeem Sheikh said that he came to America in 1990 and has never visited Chicago. He is now in Hudson County Jail, still awaiting a decision after three weeks. Naeem's brother, visiting from Pakistan, is now looking after his family.

On May 1, a beauty parlor on Coney Island Avenue in Brooklyn was raided. Though the person the authorities were looking for, a former tenant, had left the building sometime ago agents persisted in checking the immigration papers of everyone in the building.

In raids in Staten Island, Nadir Malik, Aslam Khan, Shahid Butt, and Khwaja have been arrested.</text>
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