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                  <text>The Independent Press Association (IPA) translates articles from the ethnic press (when necessary) and distributes them via web and fax newsletter to mainstream and ethnic press, government offices, nonprofits, and interested individuals.  Voices That Must be Heard was designed by the Independent Press Association staff in New York City in response to the horrifying events of September 11.  After Sept. 11th, Voices focused on the South Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern communities in New York. Since February 2002, the project has expanded, selecting articles from the broad range of ethnic and community newspapers throughout the city. Here, the Archive has preserved the Voices collection from its inception until November 2002.</text>
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              <text>To dream the American Dream: Undocumented Filipino workers cry abuse from Filipino employers</text>
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              <text>Like most Filipino immigrants, Manny Mendoza* came to the United States hoping to achieve the American dream.  But how can he possibly when he only gets paid $2 per hour from his present work?

Mendoza, 42, was a seaman, and jumped ship in Long Beach, California about five years ago.  Without proper documents, he was only able to work odd jobs, like mowing lawns and running errands.  The only steady job he had then was delivering newspapers early in the morning.

Now in New York City, Mendoza landed a job as a waiter in a small Filipino restaurant in Queens.  He shares in a one-bedroom apartment with by four adults and two children.  

I accepted $2 per hour because the owner of the restaurantwhos also a Filipinotold me that the tips would more than make up for the pay.  But last Saturday, supposedly the best night in the business,  the tip pool to be shared by four waiters came to a grand total of $7.00, Mendoza said.

Herman Garcia*, who also doesnt have the proper documents to work, is lucky enough to get $6.50 per hour from loading balikbayan boxes (boxes bound for the Philippines).  Since he came to the United States last year, he has had been able to send money to his wife and two sons in the Philippines.

But Garcia, who rents a bed space in Kew Gardens, said he is now very concerned about his health.  Considering that there is no limit on the weight of the cargo boxes that he needs to handle daily, such task would certainly wear him down, and the shipping company doesnt provide a health insurance for undocumented workers like him.

I think it would be better for me to go back to the Philippines at the end of this month.  The work is so tedious and the pay is way below the minimum wage.  I dont have a choice, nor can I demand a raise, because my Filipino employer knows that I dont have proper working documents, he said.

For Gina Ramirez*, who works as a cashier at a small Filipino store in Jamaica, the American dream will remain a dream, unless she wins a lottery.  

Ramirez, 25, is also paid way below minimum wage, despite being hard working and competent in her job, and thus has to rush to a second job caring for a 70-year-old lady at night.  Her husband is currently jobless, because he, too, lacks the necessary papers.

 I miss our place in Cavite (about 15 miles from Manila) where I used to plant vegetables in the backyard.  But we cant go back there anymore.  We sold our house to finance our papers and trip to New York City.  Everything is gone; we have no more house, no garden, no privacy and no money.  At least, we have each other, Gina said.

According to Migrante, a New York City-based non-profit organization, there are thousands of reports of abused undocumented Filipino workers by their employers.  Unfortunately, the employers are Filipinos, too.

This is a classic sad tale.  The employers take advantage of the vulnerability and helplessness of these Filipino workers, because they (employers) know they dont have proper documents, said Cesar Esguerra, a Migrante spokesperson.

The organization, however, assured that there are measures to protect the undocumented workers from any form of abuse in the workplace.

Whether you are a documented or undocumented worker, you must be aware of the laws that protect your rights.  Labor concerns are different from immigration, Esguerra added.  But the hard part is that no undocumented worker has the courage to come out and report his or her abusive employer.  Any Filipino should remember that no one will be used and abused if he knows his rights. 

&lt;i&gt;* Not their real names&lt;/i&gt;</text>
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              <text>Fire Commissioner Nicholas Scoppetta told the City Councils Committee on Fire &amp; Criminal Justice Services Council that white men make up 93 percent of the force. This revelation angered council members representing the citys minorities.

It is ridiculous how this department has toyed with minorities until now. You say that 93 percent are white males, and you are not ashamed? said the City Councilman Ruben Diaz (D-Bronx). 

In New York City, Blacks and Latinos make up 60 percent of the general population and 50 percent of the City Council. 
Diaz asked the Commissioner why there werent more minorities and women in the FDNY, to which Scoppetta replied, many of the women fail the physical test, while Hispanics have problems passing the written test.

I was offended, because in other words, he called us stupid. Attending a public hearing and saying we do not pass a test which they never let us take is a mockery and disrespectful, Diaz said.

The councilman noted that the 93 percent of whites in the FDNY contrasts starkly with the Police Department. The last graduating class of the NYPD Police Academy was 53 percent minority.

The FDNY continues to function like an estate, protecting its family. The only ones benefiting are the white father, son, brother, or uncle, added Diaz. Diaz said that he has received many insulting and racist letters for speaking so strongly against the existing discrimination in the Fire Department. 

Scopetta said that the recruitment of minorities, especially Latinos and Blacks, would be his priority from now on. This is a genuine subject and we will consider it. There is a lot of preoccupation about diversity in the FDNY and I understand that. This was part of the conversation I had with the mayor when he asked me to be the departments Commissioner, Scoppetta said.

The FDNY has seen an influx of applications since September 11th, when more than 300 firefighters were victims of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. Since December, the firefighters count 30 women, 374 Hispanics and 300 blacks in a force of 11,112 members. Councilman Diaz said that the FDNY still does not have a concise, set and serious way to recruit Hispanics and other minority groups,  but I assure you that before I leave this will have to change.</text>
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              <text>As redistricting only occurs every 10 years, Chinatowns residents want to ensure that new lines are drawn in their best interests. In District 1, with wealthy areas like Soho, many feel that their issues are ignored and would be better served in a new district that included the growing Hispanic population on the Lower East Side. Others feel that Chinatowns lines should stay put. </text>
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              <text>The redistricting only happens every 10 years. Ten years is enough for a generation to grow up. So redistricting is important to the interests of a whole generation, said Wah Lee, a staff organizer at the Chinese  Staff and Workers Association (CSWA), when she called on Chinatown residents to attend the last round of public hearings on this issue. We have waited 10 years for the chance to change the improper district of Chinatown, Lee continued.

Occurring every 10 years, redistricting changes voting districts according to the updated census,  so that people who have similar cultural, racial or religious backgrounds, and therefore similar interests, can be put into the same district. In the redistricting of 1992, some Chinatown organizations pointed out that Chinatown had different interests from the nearby wealthy neighborhoods. However, Chinatown was still put into District 1 with Battery Park, Tribeca and Soho.

The Downtown Redistricting Association, which includes the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund (AALDEF), the CSWA and other Chinatown community organizations, has submitted a proposal to the city councils redistricting committee. With detailed data of the population composition of Chinatown and nearby areas, the proposal asks to separate Chinatown from the current District 1 and combine it with the Lower East Side in a new District 2. 

Stan Mark, a lawyer for the AALDEF, pointed out that because of the different financial status of Chinatown and the nearby areas in the same district, they all have different interests. But overpowered by its wealthy neighbors, Chinatowns interests have continually been ignored. At the same time, more and more Hispanic immigrants have settled on the Lower East Side. Being immigrants, Chinatown and Lower East Side residents understand each others situation very well. And its not hard to generate an elected official who could represent the general interest of this new district.

Wang Chen, a Chinatown resident agrees with Mark. Sometimes our concern and those of wealthy areas nearby are not only different, but totally opposite, Chen said. For example, said Chen, the garment factory is one of the traditional industries in Chinatown and the major financial source for many Chinese families. Chinatowns people try their best to reserve space for garment factories. But wealthy area residents hope that more garment factories will be demolished and want to erect luxury buildings in those spaces. How could we stay in the same district when our concerns make us like foes? Chen asked.

However, there is a different voice within Chinatown about the proposal of combining with the Hispanic neighborhood on Lower East Side. Margaret Chin, deputy executive director of Asian Americans for Equality, insists that keeping Chinatown in its current district will help elect a Chinese official in this district. Chin was one of three Chinese candidates for city council from District 1 in last years campaign. Although all three lost to Alan Gerson, the current District 1 city council member, Chin believes that next time, if Chinatown could agree on only one candidate, he or she would have big chance at winning. If you add up the ballots of the three Chinese candidates, it would be much more than Alan Gersons. So that means as long as Chinatown voters could concentrate their vote on one person, this person would definitely win, Chin said. 

If Chinatown is combined with Hispanic voters on the Lower East Side, Chin added, Chinese candidates would have less of a chance of winning against Hispanic candidates because of the dominant number of Hispanic voters in the new district. I dont know what they call creating history. For me, to generate the first Chinese council member in Chinatown is to create history, Chin said.

Wing Lam, executive director of the CSWA, doesnt agree with Chin. How could you ask all Chinese voters to vote for the same candidate? Lam asked. If that were possible, I guess it would also be possible that all the non-Chinese voters would vote for the same non-Chinese candidate. Their ballot would still be more than yours, Lam said. We dont care what the racial background of the elected official is, as long as he or she could represent our interests fairly, we would vote for him or her.

On Dec. 3, the last round of public hearings on Manhattan districts will be held at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. The Downtown Redistricting Association called for the people of Chinatown to go there and make their voices heard. The babies who are born now will be preparing for middle school by the next time of redistricting. This is your only chance to fight for their benefit on this issue, Lee said.
  
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              <text>Its early summer, the daylight lasts until eight p.m., the breeze blows softly and green is becoming deeper.  Finally, barbeque season has arrived.  

Koreans who barbeque outdoors mainly come from Brazil and Argentina. They have a group, called Paulista, who enjoy barbeque a lot.  Among them, Wha-chun Lee, 51, who is in the garment business, is the most famous barbeque-er.

Lee lived in San  Paulo for 23 years (from age three to 37), and his sentiment and taste are fairly Brazilian.  It is his pleasure to light the fire and barbeque on weekends with members of the Paulistas. Brazil is a ranch country with plenty of meat and meets every condition for being a barbecue heaven.

Because Lee spent so much time in a country where every household owns a charcoal grill (known in Brazil as Churrasco), he developed his own know-how for grilling the best barbecue. He is a skilled enough barbecue-er to cater to 50 house guests.

On barbecue weekends, he goes to the market early in the morning to get the meat and vegetables. The first secret of a good barbecue is fresh Grade A meat.

The raw steak meat should be a deep crimson color. Lee puts the steak on the charcoal fire. Hoping to steal his secret, I intently observed his every move. However, all he adds are grains of rock salt. After applying an ample amount of salt, he shakes the steaks out and turns the meat over when the salt begins to melt.

Lime juice is added according to personal preference, and Lee prefers simple barbecue with only salt. Though he likes Korean-style seasoned ribs, he does not make it often. When he does make ribs, he does them without seasoning.

Strips of meat left over from preparing the steak are seasoned with onion, garlic, salt and black pepper and barbecued on skewers. But uncut whole ribs are covered with salt and baked, covered with aluminum foil, in a 300-degree oven for 30 minutes. After cutting open the foil, the rib is placed on the grill for the best taste and texture. Chickens are skinned and scored, covered in salt, black pepper and lime, then grilled. 

Lees wife prepares the best companions for barbecue, such as fresh salad and Brazilian rice.

Having outdoor barbeque parties is not traditional in Korean culture.  But here, it has become a summer routine. Men, not women, serve the barbeque, unlike most Korean mealsthis may imply that outdoor barbequing is an expression of the Americanization of Korean people.   

Men who roll up their sleeves to barbeque appear attractive and naturally charming.  One thing tells other ten things, and it is thought that the good barbeque-er is also generous, broad-minded and fancy, with good taste. </text>
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              <text>In Kotri, a small town in the Indus Valley, in the province of Sind, Pakistan, a sharecropper, Nazar Mohammed, could not pay a debt of Rs.20,000 ($350) that he had borrowed to buy a water-buffalo. A local landlord, Arbab Allabachayo, in a region dominated politically and economically by large-landholders, decided in a council meeting with other landlords that the debtor would be made to forfeit his 11-year-old daughter to the creditor, a man named Shabbir Peerzada.

Shabbir took the girl, Najma, to a Muslim cleric so that they could be wed. The cleric refused. Thereupon Shabbir Peerzada held the young girl as a sex slave.

After a month of rape and sexual degradation Najma ran away and contacted the police. She told the police about rape and torture. She had cigarette burns all over her body. Instead of arresting the accused and the powerful landlord, the police arrested the girl's father and kept him in jail for a month.

Till now, no action has been taken against the rapist and the men who made the decision to sell the girl.</text>
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              <text>Recently Nirma, a movie star from the Pakistani film industry, performed a dance in New York that has provoked the Pakistani community in all sorts of interesting ways. </text>
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              <text>Recently Nirma, a movie star from the Pakistani film industry, performed a dance in New York that has provoked the Pakistani community in all sorts of  interesting ways. Pakistani papers are carrying headlines about the brazen nature of the dance, and male columnists are falling over each other in disapproval.

It is the sexual aggressiveness of Nirmas dance that has the Pakistani community chattering excitedly and the columnists muttering negatively. Regardless of the response, is a pleasure to see the communitys lively response to a public event; since September 11th there has been so much fear and anxiety. 

Some of the columnists remarks reminds me of the legend of the cleric who, while lecturing against brazen women, described a scantily clad female form in such great detail than an audience member wondered when disapproval ended and approval began. As for the disapproval of Nirmas aggressiveness, I am afraid they must realize that Nirmas dance is nothing unusual, for New York or traditional South Asian art. In New York there are many performers who play with gender roles, and ideas of domination and submissiveness.

So what if Nirma, from Pakistan, has crossed sexual boundaries?

The Persian roots of the name Nirma mean one who has the qualities of both man and woman. Perhaps for the males in the audience, Nirma appealed to their feminine sidethus, the outrage.

But why be upset with a performance so steeped in tradition? In the epic love story from Punjab, Heer and Ranjha, still popular today, there is the couplet in which Heer sings she has desired Ranjha for so long that she has become him.

I feel that Nirma has turned the tables on her male audience. For a while now, we have been content to see the woman be the dancer in films and on stage. She is the spectacle. Nirmas supremely confident dance in New York made a spectacle of the men who are dancing around in outrage.</text>
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              <text>The Irish Hunger Memorial in Battery Park City will be unveiled Tuesday, July 16, at 11 a.m., by President Mary McAleese of Ireland, New York Governor George Pataki, and other Irish and Irish-American dignitaries. 

Members of the public will be allowed to visit the site immediately after the ceremonial opening, and the memorial will be open to the public daily. 

On a sloping quarter-acre site in Lower Manhattan an abandoned stone cottage from western Mayo is recreated. This memorial is bound to attract considerable attention and commentand not just within the Irish community. Its basic theme is clear: it represents on one level how the Irish were ripped from their native land and replanted in America and elsewhere because of starvation. 

Nothing on this scale, or with such vision, has been attempted before. Both timeless and rooted in one terrible time of famine, the memorials stone cottage and pathway will be allowed to grow wild with 85 species of grasses, bushes and flowers taken as seed from the Attymas, in County Mayo. Attymas was the first parish to report deaths from starvation in the 1840s. 

This is not a representational park or memorial garden. The sloping field will change with the seasons, and the memorials artist has included in its granite and glass base changing lines of text that speak of not just the Irish Famine, but of hunger around the world to the present day. 

The viewer, standing upon the re-created fields and potato beds, will therefore become the subject, his or her unique reactions tempered by the knowledge of the fragility of memory itself. 

Already, questions have been raised by some as to how successful the memorial will be. Indeed, with its Vesey Street location a mere two blocks to the west of where 1 World Trade Center stood, it is possible that this memorial could be overshadowed by whatever will commemorate the lives lost on September 11th. 

However, this is unlikely. The memorials success may lie in its changing nature, for it has taken 150 years to commemorate and event about which Irish and Irish-Americans still hold differing opinions, and which often raises different emotions. 

One hopes that this memorial will fulfill the artists desire to do more than commemorate Irelands hunger. It should leave each visitor with an understanding of how so many in the world experience hunger to this day. </text>
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              <text>Five civil rights lawsuits filed on June 4 by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), other nongovernmental entities and individuals have charged American, Continental, Northwest and United Airlines with having blatantly discriminated against five men, including two of South Asian descent. The five men were allegedly offloaded from flights based on the prejudices of airline employees and fellow passengers, for reasons unrelated to security. 

The lawsuits were filed in Los Angeles, Maryland, New Jersey and San Francisco by the ACLU and Relman &amp; Associates, a Washington-based civil rights law firm, on behalf of the five men and the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. 

Four of the passengers who were offloaded are United States citizens, including Michael Dasrath (32) of Indo-Guyanese descent; Ashrad Chowdhury of Bangladeshi origin; Edgardo Cureg, a permanent legal resident of Filipino origin, and two of Arab descent. 

In ejecting our clients from their flights, the airlines were indulging in discrimination, not enforcing security, and that is both shameful and unlawful, said Reginald Shuford, an ACLU attorney who filed three of the cases. You dont have to be a security expert to know that what happened to these men had everything to do with bias and nothing to do with safety. 

At a news conference in New York, Dasrath and Cureg, who were removed from the same Continental Airlines flight from New Jersey to Tampa on New Years Eve, narrated their experiences. Dasrath had taken his seat in first class when he noticed a woman with a dog glaring at him and other passengers. She told the captain, Those brown-skinned men are behaving suspiciously. Moments later, he, Cureg and another man were removed from the plane. I was working in Manhattan on September 11th and I will never forget the horror of that day, said Dasrath. But ejecting me from a flight to make a passenger feel better isnt going to make anyone any safer. 

American, Continental, Northwest and United Airlines have been charged with having blatantly discriminated against five men, including two of South Asian descent. 

Cureg, 34, had not met Dasrath, but at the airport gate he ran into a Sri Lankan professor from his university. While they waited to board, Cureg loaned the professor his cell phone. Once they met again on board, Cureg retrieved the phone to call his relatives. Soon after, he was among those removed from the plane. 

Even though I made it safely to my final destination that day, I will never again feel free to travel in the future, because my basic right to travel free from discrimination has been grossly violated, Cureg said. The plane I was booked on left without me, and it was 11:30 p.m. before I arrived home. I spent the saddest New Years Eve of my life: alone, exhausted and depressed, with a bitter taste that lingers in my soul. 

The others named in the cases are Assem Bayaa, 40, from Long Beach, Calif., ejected from Uniteds LA-N.Y. flight on Dec. 23; Arshad Chowdhury, 25, from Pittsburgh, Pa., who had to disembark from Northwest Airlines San Francisco-Pittsburgh flight; and Hassan Sader, 36, from Virginia, who was ejected from American Airlines Baltimore-Chicago flight. 

The ACLU noted that as early as Sept. 21, 2001, the Department of Transportation (DOT) had cautioned major airlines not to discriminate against passengers based on race, color or national or ethnic origin. The DOT repeated the warning in October: It is important to re-emphasize that in performing our critical duties, we may not rely on generalized stereotypes or attitudes or beliefs about the propensity of members of any racial, ethnic, religious or national origin group to engage in unlawful activity. 

In a separate case, Mohammed Ali Ahmed of Austin, Texas, also sued American Airlines in federal court, alleging a pattern of discrimination. He is seeking direct and punitive damages on grounds of being ejected on Sept. 29 from a flight and humiliated before his children. </text>
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              <text>A cabdriver is like a lonely animal, said a disheartened James Gant. Nobody wants to listen to us. This was the sentiment echoed by at least 10 other drivers who spoke at a public hearing organized by the New York Taxi Workers Alliance on March 26. But the reaction of representatives of federal agencies was mixedsympathy and criticismfor drivers who did not seek help by contacting relief agencies.
The common grievance of the drivers was that through October 11 they were still required to make payments on the medallion and cab lease, even though they suffered a loss of income. 
Javid Akthar broke down when he said that after running away from the Twin Towers as debris fell on him, he had not been offered any assistance. I ran to Battery Park and then walked across the Brooklyn Bridge to reach home.  He said he did not receive any assistance, despite being a direct victim of the attacks. 
We cannot do anything unless you make that one phone call to us to ask if you are eligible. If you dont call us, we dont know you need help, Mary Elem Martinet of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) told the audience. She said the relief organizations received as few as three applications from drivers. 
Nearly 350 yellow cab drivers attended the hearing held at Hunter College, according to Biju Mathew, one of the organizers. 

Half a dozen representatives from government agencies, including FEMA, the Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC), and the Department of Labor, and advocacy and charity groups like the Unemployment Project, United Services Group and Safe Horizon also participated in the event. 
Martinet's reaction to the complaints of drivers representing NYTWAs more than 3,000 members that they have been unfairly denied any federal aid. Several of the drivers who spoke at the hearing said they had not applied for any aid because their friends had told them it was a waste of time and we are not eligible.

Chaumtoli Huq, staff attorney of NYTWA, told Desi Talk, just through me, at least 30 drivers applied for relief and I also helped several other fill in the forms, so I dont see a tally here.

Mmamnun Ul Huq, a cab driver, said that he did apply for FEMA relief, but was denied assistance since he did not have a business in downtown Manhattan. He said though cab drivers live in different boroughs of the city, or even as far away, as New Jersey, their prime business was in Manhattan, dropping off passengers at the financial district or tourists visiting the World Trade Center site. 
Ishrat Zaidi, a member of the organizing committee of the alliance who also spoke at the event endorsed this statement, saying Everything from the business district to airports to hotels and tourism has been affected, and that means yellow cab drivers lost business on every account. He said it was unfair that the airline industry gets billions of dollars in aid and so do other related industries like the hotel industry, while the agencies turned a blind eye to cab drivers. 

The Department of Labor was also criticized for not aiding the drivers who claimed lost business in the aftermath of September 11th. (Labor) laws are outdated, discrimination prevails and you have also been denied interim rule (for unemployment assistance), said Jonathan Rosen, representing the Unemployment Project. He noted that lawmakers, including Sen. Hillary Clinton, have been urged to rewrite the unemployment assistance rules. 
The drivers also said they faced hardship due to declining income, high lease rates, and the fear of racial harassment. 

People dont take my cab anymore, said Surinder Singh Walia, a Sikh. They think Im a terrorist because I wear a turban and have a long beard. He said it was becoming harder day after day, with diminishing income and fewer people hiring his cab. 

Dorothy Le Conte, the only woman driver to speak t the even and the mother of a four-year-old boy, drew out a certificate presented by the TLC in appreciation of free service into downtown Manhattan during the troubled time soon after the terrorist attacks. She said, however, This [acknowledgement] is not enough. When I went to FEMA, they said, we dont know where you are from. 
We call ourselves business people but we are forced to work like slaves, LeConte added. The owner-driver said that there was no help for any agency in terms of relief and still she had to follow TLC regulations such as buying a new car at the end of five years, and paying high interest rates and insurance. 

Yellow cab drivers have been systematically denied assistance and refused opportunities to apply for recovery assistance, said Bharavi Desai, NYTWA staff coordinator. 
She told Desi Talk that she was glad to see that the government agencies, for the first time, took notice of the fact that cab drivers were impacted by the events of September 11th and were direct victims of the terror attacks.  I hope they did not think this was a venting session. They heard us and our proposal. Now we hope that they go back to their supervisors and convey our concerns. Now we wait for them to put their money where their mouth is. 

Allan Fromberg, deputy commissioner of the TLC, who also attended the event, told Desi Talk that he heard the concerns of the drivers and could empathize with them. But we have our hands full with what we have to do and have been doing. He indicated that TLC may not be able to do anything in terms of relief for yellow cab drivers. </text>
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              <text>The presence of undocumented immigrants in the United States makes a net positive contribution to the U.S. economy.

That is the finding of a study conducted by the National Immigration Forum, a not-for-profit organization protecting immigrants rights.

The study found out that undocumented immigrants pay about $7 billion annually in taxes. Some taxes paid by the undocumented, including $2.7 billion annually to Social Security, and $168 million into state employment benefit funds, are direct subsidies to these systems, since undocumented workers cannot by law collect any benefits for their contributions.

To empower the finding, the Asian American and Legal Defense and Education Fund (AALDEF) in New York said that undocumented immigrants are the source of enormous profit in industries dependent on the labor of workers without papers.

Undocumented workers fill in the gap of the labor force on jobs that most U.S. citizens would never take, said Sin Yen Ling, a staff attorney at the AALDEF.  She was referring to industries such as: agriculture, food service, residential construction, building services, tourism (including the hotel and restaurant industries), garment production, retail, health care and domestic services.

In this light, it is clear that the labor of undocumented workers not only pumps tens of billions of dollars into the nations economy, but that the workers themselves receive only a small percentage of it, a much smaller percentage of the value that they produce than is received by workers who are either citizens or legal residents, the female lawyer said.

Despite some tremendous  contributions, many advocates of immigrants rights argue that U.S. anti-immigrant legislation, such as the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) and the U.S.A. Patriot Act, has been directed at undocumented immigrants.

At the heart of the IRCA is employer sanctions which requires them to keep records of workers immigration status, and impose fines on those who hire the undocumented.  The real impact of the law is on workers, making it a crime for those without documents to hold a job, wrote  David Bacon, a West Coast journalist, who conducted an investigative report on the political economy of undocumented workers.

In his report, Bacon said this watershed action has had widespread ramifications.  It has influenced the wage levels and vulnerability of immigrant labor.  It has spawned other proposals for the denial of their rights, such as the right to education or medical care.  The original premise that undocumented immigrants have no right to work or earn a living has been broadened to include the denial of their rights to most basic elements of normal life, including the right to be part of a community.  It has led to the demonizing and dehumanizing of undocumented immigrants in public debate and political life. 

But when the September 11th attack on World Trade Center occurred, life for immigrants became more unpleasant.  The U.S. Patriot Act has imposed stricter controls on immigrant labor oftentimes blaming them for what happened, Yen Ling said.

Still, many argue that while immigration has beneficial effects, the entry of undocumented immigrants also has a negative effect on society.  

The Urban Institute, in its  May 1994 study, Immigration and Immigrants, Setting the Record Straight, estimated that the undocumented population of the U.S. stood between 2.5 and 3.5 million people in 1980, and increased to 3 to 5 million just before the passage of the IRCA.  After IRCAs amnesty program, which helped undocumented immigrants to normalize their immigration status, the population fell to 1.8 to 3 million, and had risen to 2.7 to 3.7 million by 1992.

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              <text>Few voices from the activist community have been as unyielding in their opposition to the Bush administrations war plans against Iraq than the Rev. Al Sharpton. 

The minister pushed his stance against that potential conflict up another notch on Monday, when he met with Iraqi UN Ambassador Mohammad Aldouri. Prompted by the approaching holidays, particularly the beginning of the Muslim observation of Ramadan, Sharpton issued another call for peace. 

I just dont see how we can celebrate the holy daysRamadan and Christmasand not, in our own conscience, say we did what we could to avoid shedding blood, he said outside the Iraqi Mission on the Upper East Side after the meeting. If we could get religious leaders who could talk to all sidesthen it can be productive.

Sharpton expressed concern that the turmoil has been reduced to a standoff between President Bush and Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein. 

Our concern is for the innocent and the bloodshed of American troops and Iraqi children, he stressed. He offered a similar position several weeks ago during a press conference with Martin Luther King III, which was called by Ron Daniels of the Center for Constitutional Rights, at the Riverside Church.

No specific solution was proposed by Sharpton or the ambassador. They were there merely to convey a message of peace, in keeping with the holiday spirit. Sharpton said we must try, even if it amounts to nothing. Ambassador Aldouri said that the people of Iraq were lovers of peace and that they would do their best to obtain that noble goal. 
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              <text>Harry Belafonte voiced deeply a held feeling among whites and Blacks about Powell when he called the Secretary of State a house slave. Belafontes action may not have been the politically correct thing to do in todays environment, but he must be applauded for his courage in speaking out.</text>
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              <text>Theres an old saying, in the days of slavery, there were those who lived on the plantation and there were those slaves that lived in the house.

Harry Belafonte, one of Americas great and most enduring entertainers, and civil and human rights advocates, was recalling an ugly part of Americas and, indeed, the Caribbeans history: the horrible centuries of slavery and the ability of the white slave master to manipulate human beings for his own unsavory ends.

But Belafonte, the son of West Indian parents, Jamaicans to be exact, wasnt simply referring to a sad chapter in history. He used the analogy to complain about the role of U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell, a highly respected public figure who also traces the roots of his familys tree to Jamaica.

Colin Powells committed to come into the house of the master, Belafonte said. When Colin Powell dares to suggest something other than what the master wants to hear, he will be turned out to pasture.

The master, in this case, is President George Bush and what the White House occupant doesnt want to hear is any criticism of his push to stage a pre-emptive strike against Saddam Husseins Iraq.

Was Belafonte out of line to use the slave master analogy or was he voicing a deeply held feeling among whites and Blacks about Powell?

We believe the latter is the correct answer. And it took a very brave man to go up against such a titan as Powell in the way that he did.

Belafontes action may not have been the politically correct thing to do in todays environment, but he must be applauded for his courage in speaking out, knowing full well that he may have to pay a heavy price for it. But, then, taking on the powers that be has never deterred the internationally famous actor, singer and political figure.

His forthrightness and bravery have been rewarded, first with his ability to live comfortably with himself, knowing that he stands for something, and secondly, with the recognition he has received through awards and honors from a variety of national, regional and international institutions.

Clearly, the Bush administrations plan to launch an attack on Iraq has unnerved millions of Americans who are concerned that Washington would send their sons to fight and die in an unjustified war. After all, they say, the Bush administration has cozy relations with several countries that currently possess nuclear weapons; Russia, Pakistan, India, Ukraine and Israel are a few examples, but there isnt any talk about going to war over their weapons of mass destruction.

Worst of all, there isnt any clear proof that Iraq possesses such weapons to begin with or that it intends to use them in the future.

In simple, straightforward terms, a case hasnt made for an attack on Iraq that would justify the loss of hundreds, if not thousands, of Americans lives.

The problem is that while people in both black and white communities across the United States have expressed their misgivings about Bushs plan of action, no one with the stature of Belafonte has displayed the intestinal fortitude to stand up and criticize Powell, who has been given the awful job of selling the idea of war against Iraq to the international community and to the American people.

Whats difficult for many people to accept is the way Powell has been carrying out his job, with gusto.

But Iraq isnt the only issue that has lead to disappointment in Powells performance as the first black person to head the State Department.

The unilateralist positions, which the Bush administration has initiated in such areas as the environment, disarmament, international trade, and family planning and abortion, have left nations around the world wondering where he stands.

Blacks are also appalled by the Bush administrations treatment of Powell. It is widely known that he has lost many key foreign policy battles, so much so that earlier this year there was intense speculation that he would quit in protest.

A mix of disquiet and disappointment is also being heard, albeit privately, in some Caribbean circles as well. Some public figures are saying that the nice words of interest voiced by Powell and National Security Advisor Dr. Condoleezza Rice, have not been matched with concrete action on the Third Border Initiative and other priority matters by the Bush team.

That explains why a prominent politician sided with Belafonte when he spoke out against Powell. The Caribbean public figure was quoted as saying that the entertainer had simply said what he too felt about the Secretary of State but couldnt say it publicly.

Like most things done in the United States these days, the interest and concerns of black people, when it comes to Iraq, are at the bottom rung of the ladder of the administrations priorities. And Powells apparent failure to bring those concerns to the table is deeply disappointing. </text>
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              <text>I was anxious to know what the Arab Christiansthe overwhelming Arab-American majoritysaid at a recent conference about cooperating with our Muslim brothers to coordinate an political strategy. But there were no Arab Christian included at this conference.</text>
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              <text>With great interest, I followed the articles in Al-Ahram about the conferences in Washington, D.C., moderated by Dr. Mohamed El-Sayed Said, called, Muslims in America and their role in public elections.

The first section was published in Al-Ahram on June 28, 2002, and the second section on July 5, 2002.

From the speeches highlighted, it is clear that Egyptians and Arab Muslims attended the conferences.

The Islamic conference for work in the United States discussed the dimensions of Muslims political existence and focused on strategies for Islamic work post-September 11th, Al-Ahram reported. 

The second section focused on todays election policies and the position of Muslims in the next elections, as well as the important role that Arab Christians play in this country, for their homeland and for the Palestinian cause. In fact, the Arab Christians were pioneers in building up Arab-American identity and rebuilding the connections between Arab-Americans and their countries of origin, Al-Ahram reported.

I was anxious to know what the Arab Christians said at this important conference about their cooperation with their Muslim brothers in creating an Arab-American policy for the upcoming elections. Especially since Arab Christians in this country constitute more than 70 percent of the Arab-American populationmaking them the overwhelming majority.

I read the entire issue of that newspaper, but I could not find a single name of an Arab Christian who took part in this conference. 

For example, one speaker said, If we focus on our strong points, we will find that states like Michigan, New Jersey, California, Florida, Ohio and Illinois are the most important states from the electoral perspective. They fluctuate between the Republicans and the Democrats because neither party has had a lasting effect. In those states, we will find that Muslims have great influence.

The writer went on to explain the meaning of Islamic work and the need to strengthen the unity of Islamic groups.

We start by making alliances that serve American interests. We have to work on the energy problem that conservative Republicans are also trying to solve. We must tell them that their new energy policy should not use dams, nor should they continue their ridiculous attacks on Arabic and Islamic countries. Those countries will produce the oil and export it.

He added that the Islamic groups share conservatives ideas about culture, and that mosques and Islamic institutes are pioneers in the struggle against alcoholism and the rehabilitation of criminals in prison.

His comments made it clear to me that the conference focused completely on Islamic issues and did not mention anything about the role of Coptic and Arabic churches in cultural and social programs.

And thus, everyone involved in the meetings focused on the role of his Islamic groups effect on the hearts and minds of Americans. It also focused on putting monetary and spiritual pressure on political candidates to garner support for Islamic and Arabic causes. But they turned a blind eye to the American Arab Christian majority who did not participate in the conferences. I do not know whether this omission was intentional or accidental.

But why his remarks included the important role played by Arab Christians in this country for Palestinian and Arabic causes is a mystery. Without representation of Christians in the conference, his address was meaningless. But we must recognize that Arab Christians played a very important roleperhaps more than any otherin defending Muslims and Arabs since September 11th.

For example, Dr. James Zogby, co-founder and president of the Arab American Institute in Washington, D.C.,  was able to succeed, with the help of many Christians of Arabic origin, in convincing then-President Bill Clinton to organize and participate in the first Arabic conference. I participated in this conference and wrote about it three years ago. 

The Al-Ahram writer was also one of the first people interviewed by the American mainstream media after September 11th. He asked the media and the American government to help protect Arabs and Muslims living in the United States from any attacks by ignorant Americans. He gave an example of the murder of a Coptic Christian man in Los Angeles, who was killed solely because he was Egyptian and resembled the September 11th hijackers. 
 
Therefore, it is strange that the Al-Ahram international newspaper asked us last July, in a piece written by Nabal-Luka, to follow the line of one Coptic organization, which supported the Egyptian position and the Palestinian cause, and asked the Coptic organization to join their Muslim brothers to create one united Egyptian-Lobi group.

Al-Ahrams reporter does not know that there is a Coptic newspaper like this one, which defends the Palestinian cause and those who are victims of the conflict and demands that the other Arabic papers call for an independent Palestinian state. 

Finally, at the end of this commentary, we blame Dr. Mohamed El-Sayed Said and Al-Ahram because they ignore, and silence, the Arab Christian majority who work for the benefit of its motherland. And we insist that this majority be represented in such conferences because the minority of Arab Muslims cant have a stake in U.S. politics without the help of the Arab Christian majority.

So, if Muslims and Christians unite defend their causes in Arabic, they can do a great job, and they can have a great influence on American public opinion, because here, state policies are separate from religious divisions. </text>
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              <text>For many years, Felix Reyes, 51, consistently sent money to his family in the Philippines, and he never encountered any problem with his identification.

But last week, the 51-year-old Filipino immigrant worker had a different experience as he approached a bank teller to remit $600 to his wife in the Philippines. May I have your I.D. please? the bank teller replied in a pinched voice. After presenting his identification card, the bank teller also asked about his Social Security Number (SSN)and other federal identifications.

I was pissed off. I'm a frequent bank remitter, yet they kept asking for my identification. One I.D. is no longer enough. I felt my privacy has already been encroached with these regulations, Reyes said.

Since the passage of the USA Patriot Act in October 2001, the scene is already a familiar routine across the United States.

Before, one I.D. is enough, but now they ask more about documentation, said Imelda Juan, a New York-based nurse.

If you had a problem with any of that, you were advised to keep it to yourself, or else you are told of what you say. Or if anyone dared to question government measures that paid little heed to the civil liberties of immigrants, you might receive a quick rebuke like this: your complaint only aids the terrorist, quipped Myrna Santos, a teacher in the Philippines who is now a nanny in New York.

Some are already afraid to ask questions, housekeeper Mae Coloma explained. They might get you, and you cant say anything.

After September 11th , the U.S. government has imposed strict controls on the banks and companies that handle all immigrant payment remittances.

Under the U.S. Patriotic Act, we are required to verify the identities of remitters. But now, there are stricter guidelines issued by the Federal Reserve Bank, said Efren Dikitanan, compliance officer of Philippine National Bank (PNB) New York.

In the interim, we followed the New York Customer Policy wherein we check remitters against the specifically designated blacklisted persons provided by the Foreign Assets Control, Dikitnanan pointed out.

He added, however, that PNB is now strictly required to verify the identity of clients and other documenting record of information such as the name, address, SSN and other identifying information.

Dikitanan said the new system is advantageous to remittance centers because "it helps in preventing money laundering and terrorism.

Previous media reports indicated that three days before the September 11th attacks, two terrorists allegedly transferred about $15,000 to one recipient in the United Arab Emirates, dividing the cash into four transactions and using different Western Union outlets.

Since then, the state banking department began sharing money transfer information last March 2001 with the local office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). All money transmitters are checked against lists of suspected terrorists.

Rudy Soriano, compliance officer of Metropolitan Savings Bank (Metrobank), also said that they are required to comply with the enhanced due diligence program of the USA Patriot Act.

This means that we have to be diligent in dealing with customers enjoining them to submit ID, SSN, birth date verified by official documents, and as much appropriate valid information from each customer, Soriano said.

But we have to ensure customer privacy required under the Privacy of Consumer Financial Information. For example, if we get information , we dont divulge it to a third party, the compliance officer said. 

Small companies, such as the Johnny Air Cargo are also following the strict new controls required by the U.S. government on money remittances. 

Ginalyn Lopez, remittance division staff of Johnny Air Cargo in Queens said we require Filipino customers drivers I.D., company I.D., SSN, and other identification if they send $1,000 dollars and above to the Philippines.

For our records, we photocopy such documents, added Jasper Pechara of the package
section of the Johnny Air. 

But as far as Lopez and Pechara's experience in the remittance sector, no Filipino customer has ever been apprehended and charged with money laundering or any act of illegal remittance.

We have obedient and law-abiding Filipino customers, Lopez said.

But a close scrutiny of the USA Patriot Act indicates that law enforcement officials can force companies to hand over records of who remitted such amount to other countries, and what addresses theyre sending to without the high bar of probable cause required for searches under the Fourth Amendment. 

Further, company staff and officials, must not tell anyone such records have been requestednot even the patron being investigated. If they refuse to fork over the records, they can go to jail. 

The post Sept. 11 controls on cash remittances is considered a major problem for many immigrants. It is a common knowledge that the core market for money transfers are immigrants who do not have drivers licenses or other government-issued IDs. 

As of now, immigrants, be they legal or undocumented, are afraid of exposing themselves to the authorities, said Ronnie de la Cruz, a permanent resident. </text>
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              <text>Former Argentinean President Carlos Menem was interrupted yesterday by a group of protesters at a conference at Fordham University, where he presented his doctoral dissertationa study of the political, social, and economic crises facing Argentina today.

The conference, organized by Fordham University Law School and billed as an important academic event, quickly deteriorated into a confrontation between Menem and angry ex-patriots.  The protesters gathered in front of the school before and after the conference holding signs calling Menem a sellout and a thief.

Inside the conference, Menem was interrupted when he began to speak of his accomplishments during his decade-long reign, and throughout the question and answer period when Menem failed to respond to the protesters questions. The confrontation came as a surprise to Latin American officials and diplomats who attended the conference, as well as its organizers, who remained at a loss as to how to deal with the angry group.

Shouts of tyrant, liar, and sellout erupted from the audience as protesters challenged Menem to explain his role in the corruption and privatization of services that characterized his administration. The group also demanded that Menem address his participation in the sale of arms to Croatia and Ecuador and his involvement with organized crime in Argentina.

At one point Menem angrily addressed the protesters, saying, I demand respect because I have not attacked anybody.  However Cecilia Bolocco, Menems wife, said afterwards that her husband was not affected by the interruptions.  If there is anyone who has lived through difficult times and has been criticized unjustly in Argentina, it has been he [Menem].  He was detained for five years by the military and it was he who pardoned them years later.  This kind of thing [the incident at the University] is unpleasant, but it also doesnt affect him because those who suffer most are those who attacked him, commented Bolocco.  

Menem, who presents himself as the only politician who can save Argentina from its current crisis, highlighted parts of his proposed plan for economic and political reform, including instituting the dollar system and reforming the constitution.  He also suggested implementing a new, unicameral legislature that would not exceed 150 members.

Menem defended his administrations decision to privatize several services, including the telephone, gas, and electric companies.  He added that when he was elected as president the public sector provided poor services (including a wait as long as 10 years to have a home telephone installed), did not pay taxes, and faced a debt of thousands of millions of dollars.

Menem criticized the Fernando de la Rúa administration on two major issues.  Firstly for discrediting the political heritage of his predecessor and also for incurring an unbalanced budget.  In less than three years we ceased to be a paradigm of economic success in Latin America and became the protagonist of our own failure, explained Menem.

The ex-president pointed to stronger leadership and government reform as the only way to reestablish monetary stability and fiscal equilibrium in Argentina.  He added that Argentina is unable to compete in todays economy because of the cost capital and not labor.  He assured the audience that they would not see an economic recovery unless Argentinas credit was expanded.  

Menems visit to New York is part of the former presidents campaign to return to the polls as a new hope for Argentina.  A recent survey conducted by the Argentinean newspaper Clarín showed that 70 percent of those polled did not favor Menem; however 51 percent believed he could win a presidential election.

Menem also met with former President Bill Clinton and investment banks J.P. Morgan and Morgan Stanley, and visited Ground Zero to pay his respects to the victims of the World Trade Center tragedy.  Today he will meet with former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and later have an interview with the New York Times.</text>
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              <text>Reaching across an economic gap and a sharp divergence in communal priorities, top Jewish and Latino groups plan to set up a formal structure for intergroup dialogue.

The organization, called the Latino Jewish Leadership Council, is to be launched officially in February during a meeting of Jewish and Latino congressmen in Washington.

For the Jewish participants, the formation of the council is a recognition of the growing clout of Americas 35 million-strong Latino community, and a partial response to studies showing a troubling degree of anti-Semitism among Hispanics.

The Latinos are the largest minority in America, the fastest-growing population group, and they will have more and more voting power, so we need to reach out to them, said Dina Siegel Vann, the Mexican-American director of Latin America and U.N. affairs at Bnai Brith International and the driving force behind the project. On the other hand, the Latinos want to become more savvy politically and more economically empowered, and they see Jews as a model. 

The councils board will comprise five Jewish groups: Bnai Brith, the American Jewish Committee, the Jewish Council for Public Affairs, and, pending final decisions, Hillel and the Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism. The five participating Latino organizations are the Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute, the League of United Latin American Citizens, the National Council of La Raza, the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials and the New America Alliance.

The creation of the council was approved in a closed-door meeting in Washington in September. The groups first conference call took place on Monday, though the final details still need to be ironed out. 

Observers said the two communities will try to reach a quid pro quo on their top issues  the Latinos will seek Jewish support in promoting a more generous immigration policy, while Jewish groups will want more Latino backing for Israel.

The task will not be easy. Jews have become more established and less sensitive to the plight of immigrants, especially since September 11th and the ensuing tightening of immigration regulations. And the intifada has created a sense of underdog solidarity between the Palestinians and the Latinos, rendering support for Israel more problematic.

Another hot topic will likely be foreign aid. Several Latino groups advocating increased American aid to Latin America have questioned the high level of aid received by Israel. According to Ann Schaffer, director of American Jewish Committees Belfer Center for American Pluralism, a compromise could be reached by having the Jewish community support increased aid to Latin America in exchange for Latino backing for unchanged levels of aid to Israel. 

In addition, some Jewish groups are concerned by indications of a high level of anti-Semitism in the Latino community, most recently highlighted in a June study by the Anti-Defamation League, which showed that 35 percent of Hispanic-American respondents were strongly anti-Semitic. The same study indicated that 44 percent of foreign-born Hispanic-American respondents showed strong anti-Semitic beliefs, compared to only 20 percent  of Latinos born in the United States.

While most participants in the council downplayed the problem, they agreed that one of the objectives is to dispel stereotypes on both sides.

We need to learn about each other  Latinos should not consider all Jews media moguls and Jews should know that all Latinos are not maids, said Siegel Vann, who has forcefully criticized the findings of the ADL study.

The Latino community also hopes Jewish groups can help ensure more Latino presence in the media and provide useful tools for economic and social integration. 

While Jewish and Latino officials have met several times in recent years, it was essentially on an ad-hoc basis. Bnai Brith and others pushed for the creation of a more institutionalized structure, similar to the ones fostering black-Jewish dialogue. 

But while the idea was proposed back at a July 2000 Latino-Jewish Congressional roundtable, and reaffirmed at a Latino-Jewish meeting in March 2001, it took many months to finally agree on a formal structure.

Observers cited the diverging priorities and the absence of front-burner conflicts between the communities as the main reasons for the delay. 

This is long overdue, said Larry Gonzalez, the Washington director of the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials. The potential political impact of a Jewish-Latino alliance could be huge. Just imagine the situation in New York, Florida and California. 

The plan is to have a board of directors with the 10 groups and five outstanding individuals involved in Latino-Jewish affairs. A former San Antonio Mayor and Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President Clinton, Henry Cisneros, has had his name bandied about, but there are only two confirmed individual board members. 

The first one is Sarita Brown, a Mexican Jew who heads the Hispanic Scholarship Fund Institute and was active in promoting educational initiatives for Latinos during the Clinton administration. The other is Emily Gantz-MacKay, a human rights activist who was one of the founders of La Raza and also works for the New Israel Fund. 

We have a unique situation where we have people who are both Latino and Jewish, said Gantz-McKay, head of the not-for-profit consulting firm Mosaica. The two communities have very similar values, common experiences as immigrants trying to achieve a place in American society, so there is an obvious connection. The initial budget for the council is slated to be $45,000 and the objective is to raise funds from foundations and individuals. 

Not all Jewish groups responded to the invitationmost notably the ADL. Stacey Burdett, the ADLs associate director of government affairs, said this was due to a scheduling problem and that the ADL had not made a formal decision. 

Participants said the American Israel Public Affairs Committee would only be an associate organization since it is a one-issue group. Hillel and the Religious Action Center, while fully supportive of the initiative, still need to decide on levels of involvement, officials at the two organizations said. 

The American Jewish Committees Schaffer stressed that her group had long been interested in Latino-Jewish relations. The AJCommittee published a book on the issue last year and its board of governors is slated to discuss the Latino vote in the recent elections at its December annual meeting. 

This is an important initiative and having top Latino groups involved in it is important because we need parity to show this is a real commitment, she said. We have many common policy stances  like a fair and generous immigration policy, promotion of civil rights and anti-discrimination. 
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              <text>Irish bar owners are hopping mad and banding together citywide to tell New Yorks mayor to butt out of their businesses and not to impose a smoking ban on their premises.

Last week, Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced plans for a tough new law banning smoking in bars, company cars and all restaurants.

This is something that you really have to move right up to the front of the list, and I think the public will see any delay for exactly what it isan attempt to injure people, the mayor told reporters this week.

Form Tribeca to Riverdale, however, bar owners are in an uproar over the mayors plans to ban cigarette smoking in bars. Its a disappointing case of a billionaire businessman, a limousine liberal, telling the little people how to live, said Joe Gillespie in PJ Hogans, an Irish bar in Queens.

Terry Connaughton, originally from Co. Roscommon, owns the Riverdale Steakhouse in the west Bronx and said he was devastated by the news. Its a sad day when you cant have a cigarette at a bar, he said.

One of Connaughtons main worries is his proximity to the Westchester county border where smoking is allowed. I am only four blocks away. My customers  could go four blocks to have a cigarette indoors, and that will hurt my business, he said.

In Desmonds on Park Avenue South, owner Hughie Connolly complained that most of his customers smoked. The city should not be able to tell people if they can have a cigarette or not, it should be a matter of choice, he said. Advocating the use of signs to advertise a smoking bar, Connelly asked that the mayor let the market, instead of the city, decide who can smoke. 

In ONeills on Third Avenue, owner Ciaran Staunton said the future for small businesses was gloomy. Already we have suffered in a depressed economy. This may mean the demise of small businesses already floundering, he said.

Staunton compared New York to California, pointing out that similar legislation on the West Coast saw the closure of many businesses and huge losses for others. He says it could be even worse here.

ONeills serves many commuters who drop in for a drink and smoke before going home from Grand Central. I think I can see them come in, have their drink, go outside to light up and just keep going, he said.

As it stands, New Yorkers can smoke in bars, on streets, on beaches and outdoors. With this new legislation, New York will become smoke-free with tougher anti-smoking laws than those in California. About 14,000 bars will be affected. 

Downtown, Danny Traynor in Tribecas Due South feared his business would suffer with the passing of the legislation. Traynor already suffered because of his proximity to Ground Zero. I think people will go back to their homes and skip the bars, he said. I am a member of the New York Restaurateurs Associations and Ill be talking to my city councilman.

Together, the bar owners are preparing to rally for a fight against the legislation, and in all cases are seeking support from their local representatives. Councilmen for the two Irish enclaves hardest hit by the proposed legislation, Woodside and Woodlawn, are already fielding calls from their constituents seeking support against the bill.

In the Bronx, however, Councilmen G. Oliver Koppell is firmly behind the mayor, according to a spokesperson, and will be pushing the bill into law. In Queens, Councilman Eric Gioias offices refused to comment on the legislation without seeing it, but sources in Queens politics point him as a staunch anti-smoking advocate.

 We may not get the support from the city, or from the Health Department but we will be making our voices heard at the citys hearing, said a depressed Gillespie.

Meanwhile, on the other side of the bar, some customers are raising arms in anger at the prospect of empty bars with little or no atmosphere when smokers are banished. 

Ive been to California and to be honest, the atmosphere is very different there, a bit too clean, said Queens resident David Kyne, 28. I like the dingy bars in New York where you can have a cigarette with your drink. If I were to be completely truthful I am trying to give up smoking myself anyway so this would help, but the atmosphere inside pubs may change for the worse, he feels.

Bronx resident Mary Allen said the ban would not make her kick the habit. I would take myself across city limits to Yonkers where I could enjoy socializing, she said. I dont live in California by choice and I will drink by choice. That choice will be influenced by my comfort.

According to Bloomberg, the legislation is being fast-tracked to prevent injury to workers in currently smoky atmospheres. The American Cancer Society has wholeheartedly backed the move and has stated that a poll they commissioned showed that 73 percent of those surveyed agreed with the ban, and that seven in 10 New Yorkers would go to bars more often if smoking were prohibited.

It is exactly what New Yorkers want, said Rob Kugler, president of the American Cancer Society of New York and New Jersey.

Elena Deutsch, director of tobacco control at the American Cancer Society, agreed. New Yorkers will no longer have to go out for a drink and come back with their clothes and lungs filled with smoke, she said. Bartenders and wait staff will not have to breathe second hand smoke, a Class A carcinogen, in order to hold a job.</text>
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              <text>Law enforcement agencies reached out to the Muslim community last weekend to ease tensions created following the September 11th attacks and to fill the need for agents and other officials with Arabic and other Farsi language skills.  

Federal, state and local agencies, including the FBI, the Secret Service, the Immigration and Naturalization Service and the New Jersey State Police held a job fair at the Islamic Center of Passaic County, one of the largest mosques in this area. "The career fair is for everybody. Obviously we're grateful to get the Islamic people here, too," said Anthony Colegary, a recruiter for the Secret Service.  

Anas Abedrabough, a Syrian immigrant, was one of the people who came to the mosque Sunday, both to pray and look for a job. He said he would not be uncomfortable if he was asked to monitor a mosque's activities, which is allowed under new FBI guidelines. "I'm OK with that. I don't have a problem. We have nothing to hide," Abedrabough said.  

Mosque leaders said they had a good working relationship with the FBI prior to the September 11th attacks. After the attacks, agents came to the mosque, seeking information. The FBI has detained thousands of Muslim non-citizens on immigration violations since September 11th, and civil rights groups have sued to force the Justice Department to release information about them.   

Sohail Mohammed, an attorney for 18 of those being held, helped sponsor the job fair. He said Muslims should be represented in federal law enforcement agencies. "Why don't we have fair representation of American Muslims in your forces? We ought to be asking that. Why [are] your agencies suspicious of Muslim activities?" Mohammed asked. "Why are our places of worship the focus of your attention, when you know the hijackers weren't worshipping at religious centers, but they were hanging out at bars?"</text>
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              <text>Though it is widely known that hiphop star Wyclef Jean is Haitian, the public largely has no idea that he makes any other type of music than hip-hop. But Jean has been experimenting with integrating Haitian culture into his music since he released his first album with the Fugees.</text>
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              <text>Wyclef Jean is not a household name. In the hip-hop world, Jean is known as an innovatora larger-than-life persona whose music career dates back to his work with the  Fugees, which enjoyed tremendous success in the early 1990s.

Jean also released a solo album Carnival, which was followed by two more projects The Ecleftic: 2 Sides II  A Book, and most recently Masquerade.

With all this success, one question still lingers on many peoples mindswhat about the konpa? On each of his solo albums, Jean has given the public a taste of this unique Haitian style of music, exposing millions to sounds they didnt know existed and feeding the Haitian communitys appetite for music from home. 

Though it is widely known that Jean is Haitian, the larger public, unless they have bought his albums, have no idea that he makes any other type of music than hip-hop. 

But Jean has been experimenting with integrating Haitian culture into his music since he released his first album with the Fugees.

The first record we did was Blunted on Reality, Jean said. For everyone that wants to know how real the Fugees is on what they stand for when you talk about the flags and Haiti and all of thatthey need to pick up Blunted on Reality. Fugees stands for refugeeswe were revolutionaries, we wanted to make a statement. We were talking about where we were from, the immigrant vibe about whats going on.
 
Jean plans to continue to produce music that focuses on the Haitian culture. He bases the music on his experiencescoming to this country as an immigrant from Croix Des Bouquets, Haiti, when he was a young boy and navigating his way through a culture and society that was not his own.

When he came to New York, he didnt speak English and was not prepared for what he encountered in the Brooklyn projects he moved to. He went through many of the experiences young immigrant Haitians go throughbeing called names and taunted because of their background. 

When I came here, I went through what I call the Haitian war. The period was, basically, HBO, Haitian Body Odor, Boat People, get back on the boat, after school, were going to beat up as many Haitians as we can. I was never having none of that, Jean said.

But his father was a minister who raised his children to follow the nonviolent route. If you ever feel a situation where youre being challenged, and violated, you have a chance to stand there and be peaceful, like Martin Luther King Jr., but sometimes the Malcolm X in me came out, he said. 

Jean said that the only thing that kept him alive in Brooklyn was his love of music. When his family moved out of Brooklyn, to New Jersey, the music followed. Jean became  involved with the band in his church, where his father was minister.

It was in New Jersey where Jean met Praswell Michel, who later introduced Jean to Lauryn Hill. They formed the hip-hop group the Fugees and started off underground. 

After the release of their single Nappy Heads, the popularity and success of the group was unstoppable. That success allowed Jean to be able to release his own work.

His past two albums, and the recent release of Masquerade, have shown that Jean is interested in doing more than just straight hip-hop. Experimenting with different genres of music, such as country, reggae, pop, ska, and even rock have given Jeans music an edge. For him, integrating konpa into his repertoire is natural. 

I dont even want people to forget that before all of this I was a snotty, grimey kid in Haiti, Jean said.  I didnt grow up doing konpa, because I didnt understand it. I come from a hip-hop background and [now] when I go to my crate, I see all of them Tabous and Coupes and all of that, Im influenced by all of that too. So, while Im getting all of this credibility from the mainstream audience, I feel its important. People say, heres a piece of reggae, heres a piece of the salsa, this I say, heres piece of the konpa.

For Jean, it is much more than just konpa. The style of music that he is sharing with the world is coming from the influence of other music he was exposed to on the streets. These influences, mostly hip-hop, and reggae, create a sound that is not your typical konpa. 

I attack the Haitian konpa music on a whole other angle, Jean said. 

When I do konpa, I aint gonna want it to sound like the konpa thats out there. Thats why I call it the MVP. 

MVP can easily be misconstrued as Most Valuable Player, but for Jeans camp, it means Multicultural Visionary Pioneers, calling for the culture to be the dominant factor in the music. 

It seems, though, that not everyone is buying into this new form of konpa. Jean has met some resistance along the way. People are wondering why a hip-hop artist is doing konpa. They are asking, what does he know about it anyway?

I got put on to my konpa music [by] my uncle, and he [would] play crazy konpa in the house. Id be like, what this? Hed be like, this is Tabou Combo, Coupe Cloué, and so subconsciously, youre learning about all this Haitian [music]. [But], theres mad Haitians that be hating on me too as a Haitian. For example, theyll say, Why is he doing konpa? We aint messing around with his hip-hop, why is he coming here messing with our konpa? I put it on there because its multicultural. Bob Marley would make sure that reggaes on the CD no matter what. I have to make sure that Creole, my language and my native tongue is on the CD. If I dont do it in the position that Im in right now, while I got everybodys ear, whos going to do it? Its a few Haitian bands thats hatingthey shouldnt hate, they should participate. I would like love to do stuff with certain Haitian bands.

But this resistance hasnt seemed to stop Jean, who put songs in Creole on his albums, and has even collaborated with Haitian artists such as Sweet Micky and Jocelyn Bernard of the group Kassav. 

According to Jean, his fans love it. 

They dig it, my American kids. When they hear that MVP Konpa, they be like, Yo, son, I dont know what you saying, but yo! They can feel it, Jean said. Its not like Im arrogant or whatever. Im firm at what I do and I keep my two feet on the ground. We like 15 years strong in this. 

There is, however a motive behind the attempt to expose the world to Haitian music and culture. Jean envisions the music as a vehicle and a voice for youth to express themselves, the way he used music as a youth to get through hard times. 

I call it Generation X, Jean said. I feel life thats what every Haitian whos living in America today [is], every former refugee. Because you come, you dont really know how youre going to fit in and how youre going to blend in. Everybody looks at you like X, like the unknown, like who is this person, what are they doing in this country?

On the heels of the release of his current album, Jean plans to release an all-Creole album in the near feature. 

Ask him and he will tell you whether its spitting rhymes in Creole or English, or producing records, he and his camp are not going anywhere. 

Unity is power, he said. Once you form a force, thats the strongest thing. Im basically trying to leave an empire and an inspiration for my young little cousins and those to come. And we rep the movementHaiti for life, period. Thats what were repping. Basically, were not going nowhere. Well be here till the end of existence.</text>
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                <text>Though it is widely known that hiphop star Wyclef Jean is Haitian, the public largely has no idea th</text>
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                <text>2002-10-08</text>
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                  <text>"Voices That Must Be Heard" Articles</text>
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                  <text>The Independent Press Association (IPA) translates articles from the ethnic press (when necessary) and distributes them via web and fax newsletter to mainstream and ethnic press, government offices, nonprofits, and interested individuals.  Voices That Must be Heard was designed by the Independent Press Association staff in New York City in response to the horrifying events of September 11.  After Sept. 11th, Voices focused on the South Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern communities in New York. Since February 2002, the project has expanded, selecting articles from the broad range of ethnic and community newspapers throughout the city. Here, the Archive has preserved the Voices collection from its inception until November 2002.</text>
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              <text>No Israeli could have been drunk enough to attend the anti-Israeli fundraising evening that took place on Sunday at the Knitting Factory club in SoHo. On the invitation was written, a fundraising evening with the aim to abolish Israeli rule in the West Bank...</text>
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              <text>No Israeli could have been drunk enough to attend the anti-Israeli fundraising evening that took place on Sunday at the Knitting Factory club in SoHo. On the invitation was written, a fundraising evening with the aim to abolish Israeli rule in the West Bank, and those who held these invitations were forced to undergo strict security checks, including body frisking and bag searches. It was very strange to see the young girl in a Ramones t-shirt, who would normally be serving beers at a bar, organizing an event with such a serious look on her face. 

Inside, the atmosphere was pleasant, despite the fact that at 8 p.m., when the event was supposed to start, there were still a lot of empty chairs and only a few people enjoying glasses of white wine. The place filled up by 8:30, when the background music was turned off and one of the organizers got up on the stage. The fact that you came is proof that not everybody in the United States has lost their marbles, he announced.

A saxophonist and a bass player got on stage and began to play a deafening piece. Meanwhile, two of the evenings organizers were handing out flyers. The top of the page read, a salute to a free Palestine and underneath it was a picture of an Israeli soldier with a gun pointed at a crying Palestinian boy. Stop Israeli terror, read the caption. Stop the occupation, stop all American aid to Israel; the right of return for all Palestinians. On the other side of the pamphlet was written, in Hebrew style letters, Jews Against the Occupation, and brief details about the organization.

Another pamphlet distributed during the course of the evening stated certain facts about the 34 years of the occupation of Palestine. Fact, the first statement began: the occupation is illegal under international law. Fact, the paper continued, the occupation kills children and innocent civilians. Various other facts included: The Israeli government destroys houses, The Palestinians suffer from sever water shortages, More than 1,000 Israelis have refused conscription into the army because of the occupation.

The audience, mostly Jews, greatly appreciated the announcements and honored the musicians by applauding loudly. Although the music was not up to par, it did not seem to bother the sympathetic audience.

A young Jewish boy got on the stage and thanked the organizers for at least doing something. He then invited Katy Engel, a frizzy-haired girl, to read something she wrote after a visit to the Middle East in 1990. In 82, I became an activist against Jewish brutality in Israel, she read in a shaky voice accompanied by an accusatory stare. I did not understand why everyone was quiet when it came to Palestine. Who are my people? she continued. I am sure that nations should not exist at the expense of other nations. This was followed by a round of applause.

Before I traveled to Israel, my three-year-old daughter held me and said Mommy, dont die, continued Engel. Who will throw them into the sea? she asked in a loud voice. The old woman I saw in Hebron, the seven year old girl, Lulu, who went to get milk for her mother and was shot in the head by an Israeli soldier and is now paralyzed in her bed? The soldiers are everywhere, she said as she revealed her findings from her short trip to Israel 12 years ago. 

The Palestinians are not allowed to grow fruit trees. I spoke to a settler who said that in Israel when a Jew kills an Arab, nothing happens, but when an Arab kills a Jew he is punished severely. Engel also spoke about American aid to Israel, a subject that came up over and over again throughout the evening. Lulu was shot with a gun bought by American tax-payers, she said, finishing her tirade to the loud cheers of the audience.

When Engel left the stage one of the organizers asked the musicians to return. It took them an hour to get ready to play. After they took their places, one of them, wearing a colorful Bukharan kepa and dressed in black like everybody else at the event, announced that the next song was from the prayers called Selichos. He said it in an Eastern European accent, most likely denoting a bit of ignorance. The musicians said a few words about the meaning of peace, but no one understood them because the microphones were not working. Still the audience cheered. When the really loud music started, some in the crowd were forced to put their hands over their ears.

Other speakers and musicians went up on stage and shared their views on the current situation in the Middle East. The crowd received all of the speakers and musicians with raucous cheers in spite of the technical difficulties and the sometimes deafening music.

After the music, one of the hosts, an Arab girl named Nehad, went up on stage. Wearing her kaffiya, she was welcomed by the crowd. I will sing a song about the Palestinian refugees who want to return to their homes, she said, and broke out into an Arabic song. The clarinet player wore a t-shirt with the Palestinian flag on it with the words We liberated Palestine! After that a young oboist from Syria played. A young Egyptian played on the piano, on which was hungwhy nota red kaffiya. 

After a long hour, Barbara, a woman in her fifties with red hair, wearing a bright red plastic shirt, got on stage. I am from another planet, and my weapon is more than my roar, she said in really good Hebrew. The crowd burst into laughterafter a quick translation, of course. In her southern accent she went over the same chorus again and again: Allah, Adonai, Jesus. Between each chorus, she told jokes that cracked up the audience. Her act and the evening were ended with the words, I dont understand how Jews, who suffered through the Holocaust, could do the same thing to another people, followed by whistling, clapping and cheers loud enough to break ones ears. 
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                <text>Allah, Adonai, Jesus</text>
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