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December 13, 2001

Special Master Kenneth R. Feinberg
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund 
U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20530

To Mr. Feinberg:

I am writing to urge you to ensure fair treatment for all surviving families of the tragedy on September 11th, including the children and families of low-wage workers and gay and lesbian families.

Under traditional rules based on lost wages, the survivors of a bond trader earning millions of dollars per year might receive thousands of times as much compensation as the survivors of a diswasher in one of the restaraunts destroyed. Justice requires looking far beyond the last paycheck to the inherent worth of all those killed, so that a high minimum compensation level is set to lessen the disparities. It would be a double blow to the survivors to first lose their loved one and then watch as most of the taxpayers money went to those who were already well off in the first place.

The second major issue has to do with recognizing the legitimacy of gay and lesbian relationships and families. Gay and lesbian famillies are especially vulerable when one partner is killed. Because the option of marriage is unavailable, these families may find themselves in a traumatic predicament of having to prove that their union is legitimate. Fortunaely, both the Red Cross and the State of New York have already announced that they will not discriminate against gay and lesbian families. The Department of Justice should 
do the same.

Thank you for considering my comments. I look forward to hearing how you will act on these very important issues.

Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Saugerties, NY
 
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Thursday, December 13, 2001 3:00 PM
Fwd: Urgent! Flash Activist Network Alert

Special Master Kenneth R. Feinberg
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund
U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20530

To Mr. Feinberg:

I am writing to urge you to ensure fair treatment for all surviving 
families of the tragedy on September 11th, including the children 
and families of low-wage workers and gay and lesbian families.

Under traditional rules based on lost wages, the survivors of a bond 
trader earning millions of dollars per year might receive thousands 
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one of the restaurants destroyed.  Justice requires looking far 
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so that a high minimum compensation level is set to lessen the 
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The second major issue has to do with recognizing the legitimacy of 
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themselves in the traumatic predicament of having to prove that 
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State of New York have already announced that they will not 
discriminate against gay and lesbian families. The Department of 
Justice should do the same.

Thank you for considering my comments. I look forward to hearing how 
you will act on these very important issues.

Sincerely,


Individual Comment
Austin, TX 

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Wednesday, December 05, 2001 8:28 PM
qualified categories for compensation

To Whom It May Concern:
As a concerned U.S. citizen, I urge, with the strongest possible feeling, the 
United States Department of Justice to please include gays, lesbians, 
bisexuals, and transgenders in the qualified categories to receive assistance 
after the September 11th tragedy.  This is no time to make moral or political 
judgements on the righteousness of any particular way of living; regardless 
of whether one is gay or straight, if an individual lost someone in this 
disaster, they should be fairly and fully compensated, just like any other 
family member.  Please - as an American, a government employee, and a gay 
person, I urge you to include all affected Americans who need assistance in 
the relief fund.  Please do not further discrimination in this sad and tragic 
time when there is enough hate in the world already.  Thank you.

Individual Comment 
Fullerton, CA


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December 13, 2001


Special Master Kenneth R. Feinberg
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund
U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20530

To Mr. Feinberg:

I am writing to urge you to ensure fair treatment for all surviving families of the tragedy on September
11th, including the children and families of low-wage workers and gay and lesbian families.  Under
traditional rules based on lost wages, the survivors of a bond trader earning millions of dollars per
year might receive thousands of times as much compensation as the survivors of a dishwasher in one of
the restaurants destroyed. Justice requires looking far beyond the last paycheck to the inherent worth of
all those killed, so that a high minimum compensation level is set to lessen the disparities. It would be a
double blow to the survivors to first lose their loved one and then watch as most of the taxpayer money
went to those who were already well off in the first place.

The second major issue has to do with recognizing the legitimacy of gay and lesbian relationships and 
families. Gay and lesbian families are especially vulnerable when one partner is killed. Because the
option of marriage is unavailable, these families may find themselves in the traumatic predicament of
having to prove that their union is legitimate. Fortunately, both the Red Cross and the State of New
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Department of Justice should do the same.

Thank you for considering my comments. I look forward to hearing how you will act on these very
important issues.

Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Lake Grove,NY
 
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Wednesday, December 05, 2001 10:23 AM
Victims Of Sept. 11

Dear Mr. Zwick:

I am writing in response to the Department's request for public
comments regarding the forthcoming regulations for implementing
and administering the "September 11 Victim Compensation Fund." 
I strongly urge the Department to draft regulations that ensure
compensation is available to all victims of the attack,
including the committed partners and the non-biological children
of gay and lesbian victims.

It is unquestionable that the devastating grief and economic
losses suffered by the families of gay and lesbian victims are
no less than that of other families.  Just as the terrorists
drew no lines in choosing their victims, our country must draw
no lines in compensating those who suffered the most personal of
losses from these horrific attacks.

Many Americans lost their lives on September 11, each of whom
left behind loved ones.  I urge the Department to honor these
bonds by treating the families of gay and lesbian victims as you
would any other.

Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Puyallup, WA

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Monday, December 10, 2001 5:28 PM
September 11 Victim Compensation Fund

Attachment 1:

Kenneth L. Zwick, Director
Office of Management Programs, Civil Division
U.S. Department of Justice 

Dear Mr. Zwick:

I am writing in response to the Department's request for
public comments regarding the forthcoming regulations for
implementing and administering the "September 11 Victim      Compensation Fund."

I strongly urge the Department to draft regulations that
ensure compensation is available to all victims of the attack,
including the committed partners and the non-biological
children of gay and lesbian victims.

It is unquestionable that the devastating grief and economic
losses suffered by the families of gay and lesbian victims are no less than that of other families.  Just as the terrorists
drew no lines in choosing their victims, our country must draw
no lines in compensating those who suffered the most personal
of losses from these horrific attacks.

Many Americans lost their lives on September 11, each of whom
left behind loved ones.  I urge the Department to honor these
bonds by treating the families of gay and lesbian victims as
you would any other.

Sincerely,

Individual Comment
New York, NY 
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                <text>yes</text>
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Thursday, November 29, 2001 2:04 PM
Victim's Compensation


Please include among relatives eligible for compensation those who lost 
their life partners or de facto parents or children, regardless of 
sexual orientation or marital status. 

Individual Comment
Pinellas Park, FL


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              <text>
Wednesday, March 13, 2002 7:48 PM
HEIRS, ETC. OF MARK BINGHAM


Dear Kenneth Feinberg:

Words almost fail me in trying to respond to your judgement of whether            and the other gay and lesbian heroes of 9/11 should be treated the 
same as others, including the illegal aliens you are so kindly brushing aside 
U.S. law to accomodate. Your comments on "Meet The Press" illustrate without 
question that you do not deserve your position on the 911 fund. You are an 
insult to           's heroism.

This is the only thing I can say: if you ever run for office, or are up for 
any future appointment, I will dedicate myself politically to opposing you. 
No one in their right mind supports a spineless bigot.

Individual Comment

 
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Friday, November 30, 2001 11:53 AM
include gay victims

To Whom it May Concern:

Please include gay and lesbian victims of September 11 on the list of people whose partners will receive victim compensation.  They are American citizens and entitled to our respect.  

Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Minneapolis, MN

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Tuesday, March 19, 2002 10:31 AM
Exclusion of Gays?

I have donated hundreds of dollars to 9/11 relief funds, and I was shocked to 
hear that now you will be excluding spouses of gays.  I am very offended to 
see that you are limiting fund dispersal with rules of bigotry.  The spouses 
in same sex relationships grieve the same as heterosexuals, and they should 
be compensated equally also.

Individual Comment

 
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Saturday, March 16, 2002 3:56 PM
very unfair- I guess not "All men are Created Equal" anymore

I am outraged that gay and lesbian partners of those
who died on September 11 are not automatically going to
receive the same benefits as heterosexual spouses.


Individual Comment

 
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                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Copyright</name>
            <description>Whether the contributor holds copyright to this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276538">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>The source of this item.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="276539">
                <text>born-digital</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Media Type</name>
            <description>The media type of this item.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="276540">
                <text>email</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="59">
            <name>Created by Author</name>
            <description>Whether the author created this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276541">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="60">
            <name>Described by Author</name>
            <description>Whether the description of this item was submitted by the author.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276542">
                <text>no</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="61">
            <name>Date Entered</name>
            <description>The date this item was entered into the archive.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276543">
                <text>2002-03-16</text>
              </elementText>
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              <text>Friday, February 22, 2002 12:46 PM
Responsibility

 
The Honorable Kenneth Feinberg
Civil Division
Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington 20530

Dear Mr. Feinberg:

 

Here, under attachment 1, is some good advice that obviously was not taken, at least to date that is. To restore trust in the process you have two choices either resign or institute a blue ribbon review panel. I feel, however, you will be taking the third option that of being personally sued for breach of office. Don't underestimate the fire in the belly of those whom you are trying to destroy.

 

Individual Comment

Newton MA

 


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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>dojP000550.xml</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>approved</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>Whether the contributor gave permission to post this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276549">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="55">
            <name>Copyright</name>
            <description>Whether the contributor holds copyright to this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276550">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>The source of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276551">
                <text>born-digital</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Media Type</name>
            <description>The media type of this item.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="276552">
                <text>email</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Created by Author</name>
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              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Described by Author</name>
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                <text>no</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="61">
            <name>Date Entered</name>
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              </elementText>
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            <elementText elementTextId="276556">
              <text>

                            Congress of the United States
                          House of Representatives
                          Washington, DC 20515-3004

                               January 8, 2002


Kenneth L. Zwick, Director
Office of Management Programs, Civil Division
U.S. Department of Justice, Room 3140
950 Pennsylvania Ave. NW,
Washington, DC 20530


Dear Mr. Zwick:

     I am grateful for the opportunity to comment regarding the Interim final rule for the
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001, particularly, the Eligibility rule as it relates
to "physical harm" sustained and verified within 24 hours of an injury.  In fairness to the victims
and families of the September 11th terrorist attack this rule must be changed.

              of         , New Jersey worked in 2 World Trade Center with his
brother and sister-in-law.  All three were employed by the         .          ,
in fleeing the building sustained physical injury to his back and neck but cannot file under the 
Victim's Compensation Fund.  The present interim rule relative to "eligibility" excludes 
         from participation as treatment did nor occur within 24 hours of the injury.

     What the rule fails to consider is the unique circumstance of each victim.  In this instance,
the tragic death of         brother and sister-in-law and the preoccupation of the family in
locating missing family members.  Consequently,         was treated for his injury on
September 13th and not within the arbitrary time limit imposed by the rule.

     I am confident, that the circumstances as outlined in          statement will
strengthen our case for change in the interim eligibility regulation.  I would appreciate an
expeditious review and I look forward to hearing from you within a reasonable time frame.

     If you have any question or if I may assist in some particular way, do not hesitate to
contact me either in Washington, DC or at my Whiting District Office.  Your attention to this
sensitive issue is greatly appreciated.


                                             Sincerely,
                                             Christopher H. Smith
                                             Member of Congress

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Wednesday, December 05, 2001 7:59 AM
accessing help

Whe people respong to needs they need to be handled in good faith
QUICKLEY, COMPUTERS CAN FACILITATE THAT AND GIVE ACCOUNTABILITY THAT FUNDS REACH ALL VICTIMS

mANY RESPONCES WERE FIRST TIME GIVERS TO MAJOR DISASTER.  aDVERSE REACTION AND MISHANDLING BY NOT REACHING ALL INTENDED WILL IMPACT ALL GIVING FOR THE FUTURE
pLEASE PRUDENTLY  HANDLE  NOW AND IN THE FUTURE111111

Individual Comment


 
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Sent: Thursday, December 06, 2001 1:36 AM
Subject: Please...


For the "September 11 Victim Compensation Fund," I urge that you please
ensure that compensation is available to all surviving families of those
killed, including the committed partners and
non-biological children of gay and lesbian victims.

Individual Comment
Monterey, CA 


 
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Wednesday, December 19, 2001 12:17 PM
Equal Access to Benefits for Sept 11 victims


December  19, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Campbell, CA

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Tuesday, January 08, 2002 12:43 PM
Objection to the proposed regulations for the Victims'
Compensation Fund

  SIRS:


  I am writing this to object to the proposed regulations for the Victims' Compensation Fund. The settlement is inadequate in all regards. It is minimal in economic damage and heartless in compassion for the extraordinary pain and suffering and loss of companionship the 9-11 WTC destruction caused.

I am concerned about two aspects of the proposed regulations for the Victims' Compensation Fund. One it is very cheap in comparison to jury awards and two that the definition of family is so restrictive. It smacks like a cookie cutter approach to get the survivors out of the way. Much the way Vietnam Vets were handled.
 


The  Families of September 11 of which I am a member and which represents many families that are affected by these proposals has made a very careful analysis of the gross inadequacies of the interim regulations. I urge you, if you have a soul to take it to heart.


Concerns of Families of September 11 with DOJ's Interim Final Regulations Governing the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund 
Families of September 11 has serious concerns with the interim final regulations issued by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Special Master to govern payments under the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund established by Congress as part of the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, Public Law 107-42.

Families of September 11 is a non-profit organization of injured victims and families of those killed in the recent terrorist attacks.  We represent hundreds of victims' families from 26 states.  The group's mission is to ensure that the victims' and families' interests are protected and to advocate public policies that will improve the prevention of and response to terrorism.  More information is available at www.familiesofseptember11.org.

Our primary concern with the interim final regulations is that DOJ has ignored the fundamental mandate of the Act to provide full and fair compensation to victims and their families and instead has concocted a bureaucratic response that bases compensation on irrelevant federal programs.  The purpose of the regulations appears to be to hold down the amount of the awards, rather than to carry out the intent of Congress so clearly set forth in the law.

We ask your help in urging DOJ to abandon its misguided proposal and to issue new regulations that fulfill, rather than flout, the legislative mandate of Congress.

Background

The Victim Compensation Fund was created by Title IV of the airline bailout bill passed by Congress shortly after the September 11 attacks.  The Act gave the airlines $15 billion of taxpayers' money and capped the airlines' liability for the crashes at the limits of their insurance coverage.  Thus the airlines face no out-of-pocket expenses for the widespread death and destruction caused by the crashes of their aircraft into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania.   

Acknowledging the fact that this airline liability cap severely restricted the victims' right to sue the airlines, Congress created the Compensation Fund to provide victims and their families with full payment for a wide range of specified non-economic damages (e.g., pain and suffering, loss of enjoyment of life, loss of consortium between husband and wife, and more) and full restitution for economic damages (e.g., lost future income), minus collateral payments.  In this way, Congress sought to ensure that the airlines' bailout would not be funded by the victims' families, who had already suffered the most from the horrible tragedy of September 11.

Unfortunately, DOJ was unmoved by Congress's compassionate and reasoned approach and, perhaps goaded by the Office of Management and Budget, determined that it could abandon the statutory framework in favor of a bean-counting mentality that limits awards with no basis in law.  Congress's unmistakable intent was not carried out by DOJ, and we need your help to correct these problems by January 22, 2002, the end of DOJ's comment period on the regulations.

News media reports that families will receive an average of $1.65 million are inaccurate, because this estimate fails to account for deductions of collateral payments, such as life insurance and pension plans.  Actual payments from the Fund would be substantially less, and many families would get nothing under the parsimonious interim final regulations because collateral payment deductions required by the statute would wipe out their entire award.  (A recent New York Times article quoting the Special Master suggested that he was considering a minimum payment of $250,000, regardless of collateral deductions.  This amount is still far too low to compensate for the damages the victims and their families have suffered.)

The three primary defects in the interim regulations concern the valuation of non-economic damages, the calculation of economic damages, and the provisions for hearings.

Proposed Non-Economic Awards Are One-Tenth Those Made in Comparable Cases

The DOJ's proposed awards for non-economic damages ($250,000 per victim plus $50,000 for a spouse and each dependent) are only one-tenth the level paid in comparable cases.  In other cases of airline crashes and terrorism, non-economic damage awards of $2 million to $5 million are typical, and much higher awards have been made in some cases.  Moreover, Congress explicitly enumerated a broad range of non-economic damages for which victims and their families shall be compensated:

physical and emotional pain, suffering, inconvenience, physical impairment, mental anguish, disfigurement, loss of enjoyment of life, loss of society and companionship, loss of consortium (other than loss of domestic service), hedonic damages, injury to reputation, and all other nonpecuniary losses of any kind or nature.  Sec. 402(7).

In the case of a victim killed in the attack, all of the above except physical impairment, disfigurement, and injury to reputation are applicable and payable to the victim's estate or (as in the case of loss of consortium and loss of society and companionship) to members of the surviving family.  Thus there are at least eight relevant elements cited in the statute:  (1) physical pain, (2) emotional pain, (3) suffering, (4) inconvenience, (5) mental anguish, (6) loss of enjoyment of life, (6) loss of society and companionship, (7) loss of consortium, and (8) hedonic damages, in addition to the catch-all "all other non-pecuniary losses of any kind or nature."

In fact, Congress enumerated more kinds of non-economic damages than are normally paid in any single state jurisdiction.  Thus, it would be reasonable to expect that payments made under the Victim Compensation Fund would be at least as high, if not higher, than previous awards for non-economic damages.  As one example, in the case of the Lockerbie bombing, a spouse was awarded $5 million in non-economic damages.  Under DOJ's plan for the September 11th Fund, a widow and two surviving dependent children would receive only $400,000, subject to reduction by the collateral offset provision.

Shockingly, DOJ tacitly admits that it did not even look at the elements of non-economic damages that Congress required to be compensated.  Rather, in the only justification for the presumed award, DOJ's notice states that "the $250,000 figure is roughly equivalent to the amounts received under existing federal programs by public safety officers who are killed while on duty, or members of our military who are killed in the line of duty while serving our nation."  The regulation then cites to the statutory provision for a group life insurance program under which servicemembers can elect to purchase policies with a death benefit up to a maximum of $250,000, commonly known as the Servicemembers' Group Life Insurance (SGLI) program, and a newly amended federal statute under which the government pays to the families of fallen public safety officers $250,000-on top of any other amounts they may receive from other sources.

Neither of these programs was intended to, nor does, compensate a victim's family for the full range of non-economic damages identified by Congress in the statute establishing the Fund.  DOJ flouted Congress's specific mandate and instead replicated existing, inapposite, and limited federal death-benefit programs.  

The absurdity of DOJ's approach is illustrated by its reliance on SGLI as the basis for the amount awarded.  If a serviceman killed at the Pentagon had elected the SGLI at $250,000, the offset of life insurance proceeds required by the Act would wipe out the non-economic damages entirely (unless there were a spouse or other dependents, at $50,000 each under the DOJ scheme).  DOJ's approach therefore assumes that Congress intended the non-economic damages to be merely illusory-to be given with one hand and then taken away with the other.  Not only is this clearly incorrect-it flies in the face of basic principles of statutory construction.  In short, it is the epitome of an arbitrary and capricious approach to implementing the Act.

Presentations made at a recent meeting of the National Association of Forensic Economists support our contention that DOJ's presumed non-economic damage awards are unreasonably low.

Another problem with respect to non-economic damages is the Special Master's insistence on using the probate laws of the various states to determine the distribution of the entire award among family members and other claimants.  While appropriate for some damages (e.g., pain and suffering of the victim), this approach fails to recognize that other non-economic losses are incurred by specific claimants, not by the estate.  For example, the surviving spouse suffers loss of consortium.  Under the DOJ plan, payments for loss of consortium could be divided among the heirs and, where there is a will, might be awarded entirely to a claimant other than the spouse.  While the Special Master reserves the right to overrule the probate courts, it is unreasonable to force a claimant to plead extraordinary circumstances and appeal to the Special Master to prevent such an inappropriate distribution of funds.  

DOJ's Plan Significantly Undervalues Economic Damages

DOJ's proposed awards for economic damages significantly underestimate actual economic losses.  We have asked DOJ and the Special Master for all of the assumptions and methodology used in calculating the "presumptive awards," in order to better understand and analyze them, because DOJ has provided only general guidance on how it determined these award levels.  Even before we receive this detailed information, however, it is clear that there are major problems with DOJ's approach.

The National Association of Forensic Economists recently participated in a conference at which experienced economists pointed out significant flaws in DOJ's methodology.  For example, DOJ unnecessarily relied almost exclusively on federal government data that was out of date and inapplicable to the groups to which DOJ applied it.  One forensic economist with experience in air crash cases (for both plaintiffs and defendants) indicates that actual life-cycle earnings for firefighters are 27% higher than the DOJ estimate, the actual life-cycle earnings of all college educated workers are 30% higher than DOJ indicates, and the actual life-cycle earnings growth of college-educated Securities and Financial Services workers is more than 100% higher than the DOJ estimate. Moreover, DOJ also seriously underestimates "real" (beyond inflation) increases in earnings by administrative support and clerical  workers.  

Rather than utilizing aggregated national data, this experienced economist stated that  the Special Master could use readily available data to create 8-12 prototype earning patterns, based on occupation and education, that would much more closely match the expected earnings patterns of the victims.   

In the case of high-income victims, the undervaluation of increases in compensation is exacerbated because the regulations arbitrarily cap a victim's income at $225,000 a year.  Thus, DOJ starts off with an artificially depressed earnings level, and then uses unrealistically low models for projecting increases from that level.  This cap, for which there is no justification in the statute, would result in some families receiving severely reduced compensation for their actual economic losses.  The only justification DOJ has offered for capping incomes is that not doing so would result in awards greater than what the families "need."  But DOJ has provided no explanation of how it determined these needs. The human cost of the income cap is that many widows and some widowers will have to sell their homes, deplete their children's college funds, give up their plans of being full-time parents while their children are young, and make other wrenching adjustments at a time when they already have more than enough burdens to bear.

In general, there is a significant underestimation of promotions and other increases in earnings for victims.  DOJ apparently relied on the Boards of Actuaries of the federal civil service and military retirement systems, which track federal worker incomes and pension requirements, not the higher-paying private sector career paths.  Experts at the NAFE conference pointed out that data on federal workers is irrelevant for assessing private sector earnings projections.  DOJ's error, coupled with its emphasis on past 3 years of income (which the Special Master "may average"), makes it appear that DOJ used a federal pension approach to ascertaining economic damages , rather than considering the likely income-earning potential of the decedent, as is routinely done in wrongful death cases.  Sadly, this DOJ/OMB approach appears to be an attempt to distort the tort-based provisions of the Act into just another bureaucratic, formulaic, federal program based on concepts the agencies are already familiar with, rather than what the law requires.   One economist dubbed the failure of DOJ to tailor its economic loss model to the actual circumstances of the victims  the "Reverse Cinderella Effect"  -- where DOJ is trying to make one shoe fit all of the feet.

Other problems pointed out by the economists are the fact that the worklife estimates used by DOJ are seriously outdated, particularly for women.  DOJ's aggregation of this outdated data means that its worklife estimates are low for both men and women, thus underestimating awards for both genders.  There is also a serious underestimation of the economic value of household services performed by victims, particularly women.  These, along with the use of pre-tax discount rate, further widen the gap between DOJ's flawed approach and a proper valuation of economic loss. 

 

DOJ Makes a Mockery of the Right to a Hearing

A particularly insidious notion inherent in the interim final regulations is that a family's award may be increased above the "presumptive" award only by a showing of "extraordinary circumstances"-beyond those suffered by other victims or victims' families.  This makes the hearing or appeal to the Special Master a mere charade.  DOJ has constructed a scheme that provides extremely low awards to those who lost loved ones due to the extraordinary events of September 11, and then declares that only in cases that are extraordinary, beyond those already extraordinary events, will awards be increased.  This is virtually an impossible standard to meet, especially in light of the Special Master's statements that he cannot and will not make "Solomon-like" distinctions between the suffering of individuals or families.  The problem is that the presumptive award levels are so low, they do not compensate the families adequately for the extraordinary suffering they and their loved ones endured and continue to endure.  Absent a change in the regulations, these award levels will not be increased to reflect the compensation contemplated by the Act for the actual damages suffered by each victim and family.

What is extraordinary is the suffering inflicted on all of the victims and their families on September 11-not differences in degrees of suffering among them.  Victims aboard airplanes suffered through a kidnapping/highjacking and horrific plane crashes.  Victims at the World Trade Center suffered through the trauma of the plane crash and a raging fire (so intense and unbearable that some victims thought it better to jump 100 stories to their certain death than to endure the fire), and others suffered from the unthinkable collapse of the massive towers upon them.  Victims at the Pentagon suffered a horrible death from the impact of the plane into their "secure" offices or by burning in the raging inferno of jet fuel.  Family members themselves have had to endure the inescapable coverage and regurgitation of these events on TV, in the newspapers, and even in ordinary discourse with neighbors, acquaintances, and others.

It is fundamentally unfair for DOJ to trivialize the extraordinary suffering of each victim and family (for example, by valuing non-economic damages at 10% of the level of compensation in comparable cases and valuing economic damages at less than 50% in some cases) and then to state that only upon distinguishing a claim from all of the other claims that are also undervalued by DOJ will an award be increased.  Instead, the standard should be that DOJ compensate each victim and family for the types of damages enumerated by Congress at levels comparable to those recoverable in the tort system the Fund was designed to replace.    

Conclusion

During the 30-day comment period, Families of September 11 will work with DOJ and the Special Master to try to improve the payment levels to reflect the provisions of the Act.  Your assistance will be most helpful in persuading DOJ and the Special Master to follow the Act.  If the interim final regulations are not substantially changed by DOJ, the victims' families may have to challenge the regulations in court in order to ensure compliance with the law.  And many families, seeing no adequate remedy from the Fund, may decide to sue the airlines and others, despite the handicap of the liability limits.

DOJ can and should avoid such unfortunate confrontations by recognizing the need to make significant revisions to conform the regulations to the statutory requirements.  Please urge DOJ to do so, and eliminate the need for the families to go to court in order to implement the clear congressional intent for fair, compassionate compensation.  Specifically, we want DOJ to (1) increase its non-economic loss award by an order of magnitude (from 10% to 100%), to properly reflect the damages that Congress has determined are compensable, (2) correct the methodological flaws in its calculation of economic damages and use accurate, up-to-date data in making those calculations, and (3) recognize that a claimant should not have to show "extraordinary circumstances" to increase the "presumed award," but rather, should only have to show that the "presumed award" does not accurately reflect the damages incurred by the victim and his or her family.

We strongly believe that if the nation can find $15 billion to bail out the airlines, which may have been responsible for the attacks because of lax security, it can provide the full amount necessary to fairly compensate the families of the innocent victims of the attacks.

Thank you in advance for your assistance on this pressing matter.



Individual Comment

Newton MA 

 
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Tuesday, March 12, 2002 9:41 AM



    Just to place my remarks into some sort of perspective, I am a 62 
year-old heterosexual with a wife of 38 plus years, two daughters and a 
grandson.
    Upon reading of a conversation on one of Sunday's political talk shows, I 
became incensed.  A "gentleman" who works under the direction of the 
misanthropic U.S. Attorney General informed the moderator and the public that 
significant others and dependants of gay or lesbian 9-11 victims would 
recieve no help from the victims fund if the state involved (assuming the 
victim's home state) did not recognize same sex unions.
That is disgusting!  Carrying Ashcroft's despicable discrimination into the 
dissemination of charitable funds points out just how un-Christlike this 
digusting self-styled musician/preacher has become.  It also underlines not 
only the total stupidity of the man who nominated Ashcroft to begin with, but 
how moronically sheep-like the Congress was to have confirmed the nomination.
    9-11 and its heroes notwithstanding, this administration has, once again, 
made me ashamed of being an American.

Individual Comment 
Bristol, CT


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Wednesday, December 19, 2001 10:15 AM
Equal Access to Crisis Relief Benefits for Surviving Gay and
Lesbian Partners


December  19, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.

Sincerely,

Individual Comment
San Diego, CA
 
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            <elementText elementTextId="276629">
              <text>2001-12-19</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementContainer>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276630">
                <text>dojA002952.xml</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="4">
        <name>911DA Item</name>
        <description>Elements describing a September 11 Digital Archive item.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="52">
            <name>Status</name>
            <description>The process status of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276631">
                <text>approved</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="53">
            <name>Consent</name>
            <description>Whether September 11 Digital Archive has permission to possess this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276632">
                <text>full</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="54">
            <name>Posting</name>
            <description>Whether the contributor gave permission to post this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276633">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="55">
            <name>Copyright</name>
            <description>Whether the contributor holds copyright to this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276634">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="56">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>The source of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276635">
                <text>born-digital</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="57">
            <name>Media Type</name>
            <description>The media type of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276636">
                <text>email</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="59">
            <name>Created by Author</name>
            <description>Whether the author created this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276637">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="60">
            <name>Described by Author</name>
            <description>Whether the description of this item was submitted by the author.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276638">
                <text>no</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="61">
            <name>Date Entered</name>
            <description>The date this item was entered into the archive.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276639">
                <text>2001-12-19</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="264506">
                  <text>Department of Justice Emails</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The Department of Justice received more than 11,000 e-mails in response to the agency's public solicitation for comments upon its plans to distribute the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001 established by Congress to benefit the victims of September 11 and their families.  These e-mails have been organized here by date.</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>September 11 Email</name>
      <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="276640">
              <text>
Kenneth Zwick, Director
Office of Management Programs, Civil Division
U.S. Department of Justice
Main Building, Room 3140
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC  20530

Director Zwick:

As the Chairman of the New York State Senate Crime Victims, Crime and Corrections Committee, I
would like to take this opportunity to provide comment on the record regarding the September 11th
Victim Compensation Fund of 2001 [Public Law No: 107-42, Title IV] and its proposed regulations.

The specific source of my concern arises from the broad definition of 'collateral source' [Section
402(4)] and the possible interpretation which could include charitable contributions.  It is of the utmost
importance that the tremendous amount of charitable contributions after the September 11th tragedies
are not included as a collateral source which, under Section 405(b)(c),'...shall reduce the amount of
compensation determined under paragraph (l)(B)(ii)....' To do so would not only be an insult to the
donors and benefactors, it would be contrary to the very law which established the September 11th
Victim Compensation Fund of 2001 and contrary to New York State law.

In addition to the obvious policy reasons for excluding charitable contributions from the definition of
'collateral sources', and the fact that charitable contributions were not included in the statutory
definition of 'collateral source,' such an interpretation should not be made, because the Act as a whole
requires the Department to exclude such contributions from its definition.

Looking at the language Congress used in defining 'collateral source' and the law in its entirety, it is
clear the intent is to include only entitlements as an offset to the compensation awarded to a claimant
under this act.  Sections 405(a)(2)(B)(iii) and Section 405(b)(6) both use 'collateral source' in context
as compensation a claimant has, '...received or is entitled to receive...'(emphasis added). 
Compensation from a 'collateral source' in this Act is an entitlement in the true definition of the word-
arising from a contract or by law.  Section 402(4) simply provides major examples--life insurance,
pension funds, death benefits, and payments made by Federal, State or local governments-which create
an entitlement under contract of law.

Although under a moral obligation to provide assistance to those they have collected donations for, and
under a general, legal obligation to their donors to ensure the money collected for a specific purpose is
used for that purpose, charities are under no contractual or legal obligation to provide assistance to any
particular benefactor.


Finally, please allow me to concur and restate the position of the memorandum to the Honorable Phillip
Perry, Acting Associate Attorney General, from the offices of Governor Pataki, Attorney General
Spitzer and Mayor Giuliani, which excludes charitable contributions from potential offsets under this Act
as consistent with the dictates of New York's collateral source law:

     .............Section 4545(c) of the New York Civil Practice Law and Rules provides:

               In any action brought to recover damages for personal injury, 
               injury to property or wrongful death, where the plaintiff seeks 
               to recover for the cost of medical care, dental care, 
               custodial care or rehabilitation services, loss of earnings or other
               economic loss, evidence shall be admissible for consideration 
               by the court to establish that any such past or future cost or 
               expense was or will, with reasonable certainty, be replaced or 
               indemnified, in whole or in part, from any collateral source such 
               as insurance (except for life insurance), social security 
               (except those benefits provided under Title XVIII of the social 
               security act), workers' compensation or employee benefit programs 
               (except such collateral sources entitled by law to liens against any
               recovery of the plaintiff).

     To be deemed a collateral source, the court must find that such cost or expense was
     replaced or indemnified from any collateral source.

               [T]o find that any future cost or expenses will, with reasonable certainty, 
               be replaced or indemnified by the collateral source, the court must find 
               that the plaintiff is legally entitled to the continued receipt of such 
               collateral source, pursuant to a contract or otherwise enforceable 
               agreement, subject only to the continued payment of a premium and such 
               other financial obligations as may be required by such agreement.

     Id. Similarly, awards made by the New York Crime Victims Board are reduced only by
     public funds or payments mandated by law or contract. Exec. Law §631, 9NYCRR
     525.11. Individuals are not legally entitled to the receipt of charitable contributions,
     pursuant to a contract or otherwise enforceable agreement.  See Wasau Business
     Insurance Co. a/s/o Central Synagogue v. Turner Construction Co. Et al., No. 99 CIV
     0862 (RWS)(amicus brief)...

In summary, while Section 402(4) does not specifically exclude charitable contributions from the
definition of 'collateral source,' Title IV, in its entirety, is not meant to include charitable contributions as
a 'collateral source.' The statutory language, legislative intent and consistency with New York Law all
require the regulations and the application of the Act should not consider charitable contributions when
making the 'collateral source' adjustment to the compensation awarded to a claimant under this Act.

Thank you for considering my comments on this important matter.  If you have any questions regarding
any of the issues discussed in this letter, please feel free to contact me.

With best wishes.

Sincerely,
Individual Comment
 
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          <name>September 11 Email: Date</name>
          <description>The local time and date when the message was written.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="276641">
              <text>2001-11-21</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>dojW000430.xml</text>
              </elementText>
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        </elementContainer>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="4">
        <name>911DA Item</name>
        <description>Elements describing a September 11 Digital Archive item.</description>
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            <name>Status</name>
            <description>The process status of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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            <description>Whether September 11 Digital Archive has permission to possess this item.</description>
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              </elementText>
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            <description>Whether the contributor gave permission to post this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="55">
            <name>Copyright</name>
            <description>Whether the contributor holds copyright to this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276646">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="56">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>The source of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="57">
            <name>Media Type</name>
            <description>The media type of this item.</description>
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                <text>email</text>
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          <element elementId="59">
            <name>Created by Author</name>
            <description>Whether the author created this item.</description>
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              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="60">
            <name>Described by Author</name>
            <description>Whether the description of this item was submitted by the author.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276650">
                <text>no</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="61">
            <name>Date Entered</name>
            <description>The date this item was entered into the archive.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="276651">
                <text>2001-11-21</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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