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Sunday, March 17, 2002 3:46 PM
Discrimination by the 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund

What gives?  The Fund will compensate illegal aliens &amp; illegal alien families 
of victims, but not the illegal families of American gay men and lesbians who 
were victims?  

It is such a sad comment that our government must continue to deny mine and 
those of millions of my brothers &amp; sisters existence and to continue to tell 
us that we are less than the rest of our fellow Americans and even illegal 
non-Americans.  These actions of this fund do a disservice to all those who 
died for their country on September 11.  And in particular, the Fund with 
this policy impugns the heroic efforts of                      &amp;                      
and the other gay men &amp; women who lost their lives helping others.  

This is such a heartless hurtful policy.  I hope you can find it in your 
heart to change this policy and look beyond the law at the facts &amp; spirit as 
has been done with illegal aliens.

Regards,
Individual Comment
San Francisco, CA 


 
 
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Wednesday, March 13, 2002 11:41 AM
Discrimination against victims of September 11th


Dear Victims' Compensation Fund:

Below is an article about the Fund's intent to unfairly discriminate against 
gay Americans.  I urge you to do the right thing and treat all Americans 
fairly.  In determining your compensation policies you seem to be guided by 
compassion and fairness, disregarding discriminatory federal and state laws, 
in all regards but one -- when it comes to gay Americans.  The survivors of 
the people who died deserve compensation, regardless of the victim's race, 
gender, religion, creed, national origin -- or sexual orientation.  Please do 
the right thing and amend your guidelines to include everyone who died and 
the people they left behind.

Individual Comment 


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Tuesday, December 04, 2001 6:32 PM
September 11 Victim Compensation Fund

 Dear Mr. Zwick:
 
 I am writing in response to the Department's request for public
 comments regarding the forthcoming regulations for implementing
 and administering the "September 11 Victim Compensation Fund." 
 I strongly urge the Department to draft regulations that ensure
 compensation is available to all victims of the attack,
 including the committed partners and the non-biological children
 of gay and lesbian victims.
 
 It is unquestionable that the devastating grief and economic
 losses suffered by the families of gay and lesbian victims are
 no less than that of other families.  Just as the terrorists
 drew no lines in choosing their victims, our country must draw
 no lines in compensating those who suffered the most personal of
 losses from these horrific attacks.
 
 Many Americans lost their lives on September 11, each of whom
 left behind loved ones.  I urge the Department to honor these
 bonds by treating the families of gay and lesbian victims as you
 would any other.
 
 Sincerely,

 Individual Comment
 Philadelphia, PA 

 
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Tuesday, December 18, 2001 9:10 PM
Please support equal access for domestic partners (gay and lesbian)


December  18, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination. 
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need." 

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Washington, DC

 
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Tuesday, December 18, 2001 10:35 PM
equal access to benefits under the September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual orientation or mari...


December  18, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Fairfax, VA 

 
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Thursday, December 20, 2001 3:24 PM
gay and lesbian partners' access to crisis relief benefits


December  20, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Austin, TX

 
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December 13, 2001


Special Master Kenneth R. Feinberg
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund
U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20530

To Mr. Feinberg:

I am writing to urge you to ensure fair treatment for all surviving families of the tragedy on
September 11th, including the children and families of low-wage workers and gay and lesbian
families.

Under traditional rules based on lost wages, the survivors of a bond trader earning millions of
dollars per year might receive thousands of times as much compensation as the survivors of a
dishwasher in one of the restaurants destroyed. Justice requires looking far beyond the last
paycheck to the inherent worth of all those killed, so that a high minimum compensation level is
set to lessen the disparities. It would be a double blow to the survivors to first lose their loved
one and then watch as most of the taxpayer money went to those who were already well off in the
first place.

The second major issue has to do with recognizing the legitimacy of gay and lesbian relationships
and families. Gay and lesbian families are especially vulnerable when one partner is killed.
Because the option of marriage is unavailable, these families may find themselves in the
traumatic predicament of having to prove that their union is legitimate. Fortunately, both the Red
Cross and the State of New York have already announced that they will not discriminate against
gay and lesbian families. The Department of Justice should do the same.

Thank you for considering my comments. I look forward to hearing how you will act on these
very important issues.

Sincerely,
Individual Comment
Sausalito, CA

 
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              <elementText elementTextId="290551">
                <text>approved</text>
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Wednesday, December 19, 2001 1:42 PM
Equal rights regardless of Sexual Orientation


December  19, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Chicago, IL 




 
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Tuesday, December 04, 2001 7:30 PM
September 11 Victim Compensation Fund

Dear Mr. Zwick:

I am writing in response to the Department's request for public
comments regarding the forthcoming regulations for implementing
and administering the "September 11 Victim Compensation Fund." 
I strongly urge the Department to draft regulations that ensure
compensation is available to all victims of the attack,
including the committed partners and the non-biological children
of gay and lesbian victims.

It is unquestionable that the devastating grief and economic
losses suffered by the families of gay and lesbian victims are
no less than that of other families.  Just as the terrorists
drew no lines in choosing their victims, our country must draw
no lines in compensating those who suffered the most personal of
losses from these horrific attacks.

Many Americans lost their lives on September 11, each of whom
left behind loved ones.  I urge the Department to honor these
bonds by treating the families of gay and lesbian victims as you
would any other.

Sincerely,

 

Individual Comment

San Anselmo, CA 
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Friday, March 15, 2002 7:33 PM

Benefits for Gay and Lesbian Heroes




I would like to voice my disapproval of the Funds'
decision on denying benefits to partners of 9/11
heroes because of their sexual orientation.  These
people, such as             and            , are no less heroes or real individuals and should be treated
as such.  I will be calling to ask for a return of my
donation and I urge others to do so.

Individual Comment

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December 13, 2001


Special Master Kenneth R. Feinberg
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund
U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20530

To Mr. Feinberg:

I am writing to urge you to ensure fair treatment for all surviving families of the tragedy on September
11th, including the children and families of low-wage workers and gay and lesbian families.  Under
traditional rules based on lost wages, the survivors of a bond trader earning millions of dollars per
year might receive thousands of times as much compensation as the survivors of a dishwasher in one of
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all those killed, so that a high minimum compensation level is set to lessen the disparities. It would be a
double blow to the survivors to first lose their loved one and then watch as most of the taxpayer money
went to those who were already well off in the first place.

The second major issue has to do with recognizing the legitimacy of gay and lesbian relationships and 
families. Gay and lesbian families are especially vulnerable when one partner is killed. Because the
option of marriage is unavailable, these families may find themselves in the traumatic predicament of
having to prove that their union is legitimate. Fortunately, both the Red Cross and the State of New
York have already announced that they will not discriminate against gay and lesbian families. The
Department of Justice should do the same.

Thank you for considering my comments. I look forward to hearing how you will act on these very
important issues.

Sincerely,
Individual Comment
Olympia,WA

 
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December 13, 2001


Special Master Kenneth R. Feinberg     
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund     
U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20530

To Mr. Feinberg:

I am writing to urge you to ensure fair treatment for all surviving families of the tragedy on September 11th, including the children and families of low-wage workers and gay and lesbian families.

Under traditional rules based on lost wages, the survivors of a bond trader earning millions of dollars per year might receive thousands of times as much compensation as the survivors of a diswasher in one of the restaraunts destroyed. Justice requires looking far beyond the last paycheck to the inherent worth of all those killed, so that a high minimum compensation level is set to lessen the disparities. It would be a double blow to the survivors to first lose their loved one and then watch as most of the taxpayers money went to those who were already well off in the first place.

The second major issue has to do with recognizing the legitimacy of gay and lesbian relationships and families. Gay and lesbian famillies are especially vulerable when one partner is killed. Because the option of marriage is unavailable, these families may find themselves in a traumatic predicament of having to prove that their union is legitimate. Fortunaely, both the Red Cross and the State of New York have already announced that they will not discriminate against gay and lesbian families. The Department of Justice should 
do the same.

Thank you for considering my comments. I look forward to hearing how you will act on these very important issues.

Sincerely,

Individual Comment
New York, NY
 
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              <text>Tuesday, February 05, 2002 1:10 PM
New Vote.com votes as of 01:09 PM EST on February 05th, 2002


Dear September 11th Victim Compensation Fund,

Vote.com is the Internet's most popular voting site.  Millions of people regularly express their opinions and - in just one click - automatically send their views to important decision makers like you.

Here are the latest votes on the question, SHOULD FAMILIES OF ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS WHO DIED ON 9-11 GET MONEY FROM THE FEDERAL VICTIMS' FUND?:

YES: 96 votes 
NO: 336 votes 

Group Comment

 
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December 17, 2001


Special Master Kenneth R. Feinberg
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund
U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20530

To Mr. Feinberg:

I am writing to urge you to ensure fair treatment for all surviving families of the tragedy on September
11th, including the children and families of low-wage workers and gay and lesbian families.  Under
traditional rules based on lost wages, the survivors of a bond trader earning millions of dollars per
year might receive thousands of times as much compensation as the survivors of a dishwasher in
one of the restaurants destroyed. Justice requires looking far beyond the last paycheck to the inherent
worth of all those killed, so that a high minimum compensation level is set to lessen the disparities. It
would be a double blow to the survivors to first lose their loved one and then watch as most of the
taxpayer money went to those who were already well off in the first place.

The second major issue has to do with recognizing the legitimacy of gay and lesbian relationships
and  families. Gay and lesbian families are especially vulnerable when one partner is killed. Because
the option of marriage is unavailable, these families may find themselves in the traumatic predicament of
having to prove that their union is legitimate. Fortunately, both the Red Cross and the State of New
York have already announced that they will not discriminate against gay and lesbian families. The
Department of Justice should do the same.

Thank you for considering my comments. I look forward to hearing how you will act on these
very important issues.

Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Boston, MA 

 
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Wednesday, December 26, 2001 1:31 PM
victim's compensation

It seems to me we are getting carried away with the amount of the proposed awards to the victims of 9/11. I am hearing ranges up to several million dollars per family. And why not consider chartitable contributions to those families? This sounds like we have a new policy for aid to victims of disasters. I would say we probably can't afford to have a substantial economic stimulus package after we get done spreading the funds to the airlines and the victims. And will these awards benefit the country generally or just the victim's families? I have the greatest sympathy for the 9/11 victims but in the past I do not believe we have been nearly so generous with such victims. What did we do for the Oklahoma City victims? I could cite other examples but you are well aware of the past disasters where we were much less generous. There are some things in life for which the US government in the past did not assume responsibility and I question the new philosophy about government intervention. Aren't the ultimate benfici
aries here the airlines and their insurance carriers?  Aren't they being protected by requiring general releases from the victims to be compensated? Is there some theory under which the US government would have had responsibility for the terrorist attacks? If the airlines in fact did something for which they would have been responsible should they be bailed out by the US government? If they default because of the verdicts which might ultimately be rendered won't another airline be created to fill the void? Aren't many of the insurance carriers foreign carriers? Should we be bailing them out?
In brief, unless I don't understand something about our new policy of compensation to the victims of disasters, I think we are being too generous with the 9/11 victims and I think the ultimate beneficiaries will be the airlines and their insurance carrier. Am I missing something here? 
Individual Comment


 
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Wednesday, December 19, 2001 4:17 PM
911 victums compensation

Don't forget that there may be some 'families' who don't fit some of the 
legal definitions. I would imagine that there may have been some service 
workers, possibly minority groups, who may have had family members living 
with them, like their mother or someone. These would also be loved ones and 
who had possibly been dependent upon the victum. Also, don't forget the gay 
and lesbian victums. Some of their families might not come forth because 
they are afraid of being 'out'.
Good luck with a very challenging job.
Individual Comment
Seattle, WA

 
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December 13, 2001


Special Master Kenneth R. Feinberg
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund
U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20530

To Mr. Feinberg:

I am writing to urge you to ensure fair treatment for all surviving families of the tragedy on September
11th, including the children and families of low-wage workers and gay and lesbian families.  Under
traditional rules based on lost wages, the survivors of a bond trader earning millions of dollars per
year might receive thousands of times as much compensation as the survivors of a dishwasher in one of
the restaurants destroyed. Justice requires looking far beyond the last paycheck to the inherent worth of
all those killed, so that a high minimum compensation level is set to lessen the disparities. It would be a
double blow to the survivors to first lose their loved one and then watch as most of the taxpayer money
went to those who were already well off in the first place.

The second major issue has to do with recognizing the legitimacy of gay and lesbian relationships and 
families. Gay and lesbian families are especially vulnerable when one partner is killed. Because the
option of marriage is unavailable, these families may find themselves in the traumatic predicament of
having to prove that their union is legitimate. Fortunately, both the Red Cross and the State of New
York have already announced that they will not discriminate against gay and lesbian families. The
Department of Justice should do the same.

Thank you for considering my comments. I look forward to hearing how you will act on these very
important issues.

Sincerely,


Individual Comment
El Cerrito, CA
 
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   American Bar Association Task Force on Terrorism and the Law

      Comments on the Drafting of Regulations Regarding the 
        "September 11th Victim's Compensation Fund of 2001

     What follows are focused remarks of general concern and points of recommended
clarification to facilitate the drafting of regulations pertaining to the Victim's Compensation
Fund.  

     Unless otherwise noted, the comments below have not been adopted as the policy of the
American Bar Association or nay of its entities and should be considered solely as observations
which the Attorney General of the United States, the Department of Justice and the Special
Master may wish to consider in the drafting of regulations.

I.   General Principles

     It should be the goal of the regulations required pursuant to the September 11th
Compensation Act of 2001, to establish a compensation program that is simple, fair, predictable,
cooperative and with other compensation efforts and expeditious.  Simplicity will require that the
process be comprehensible to and useable by victims and their representatives.  Fairness will
demand that similarly situated victims and their representative.  Fairness will demand that
similarly situated victims be treated similarly, that victims will be awarded reasonable
compensation and that all potential claimants will have clear guidance regarding their eligibility. 
Predictability will require that appropriate ranges of recovery be fixed in advance of adjudication
and potential claimants have a relatively clear notion of their prospects.  While awards should not
be wildly different, establishing damages in advance of any evidence relative to an individual
claim does not assure a just award.  Coordination   of all potential compensation programs would
be helpful if designed to address the short term and immediate needs of families.  Expedition will
require that the process provide relief to eligible claimants as quickly as possible in light of the
demands of a massive program that may face more than 15,000 claims.  Public confidence in the
fairness and equity of the Claim Fund Program is essential to its success.  While the Special
Master must be empowered to make judgments about many variables impacting individual
claims, the process must be viewed as one giving the citizens a certainty of recovery and
reasonable awards consistent with the evidence that will be unique to each claimant.  To that end,
the regulations should outline the type of evidence that will be taken and used by each hearing
officer in evaluating the claims.

     The drafters of the regulations should consider looking to other concepts of justice
beyond the norms of recognized tort law.  Many scholars would advocate consideration be given
to compensation standards that maintain horizontal equity and fairness.  The fund concept is a
dramatic departure from the methodology for the treatment of mass tort and disaster victims. 
Hence, a core decision by the regulation drafter will be to define the role of the traditional tort
system and its individualized analysis of elements of economic and non-economic damages in
comparison with the concern for horizontal equity in the claiming process amongst similarly
situated victims.  Damages are inevitably unique to the individual claimant.  The overall guiding
principles in all instances should be make whole, to the greatest extent possible, those affected
and to recognize basic and special needs to assure that the victims and their families have
adequate access to shelter, food, healthcare, job training, job placement and survivors' children's
access to higher education.

II.  Administration of the Compensation Program

     The general implication of the above-described principles is that the compensation
program will have to embrace a model that is clearly and precisely structured.  A definition of
exactly who may claim should be provided.  Clarification should be provided to identify eligible
claimants, whether they be in the aircraft, in the targeted World Trade Center and Pentagon
buildings, in the damaged buildings surrounding the targets, and whether or not businesses are
covered.  A clear definition of precisely what injuries are compensable should be provided (for
example, are those who breathed in air borne contaminants, like asbestos, eligible?)  If there are
parameters for awards they should be designated in advance.  These might be based on jury
awards in a relevant jurisdiction, DOT figures or some other source but any limits on the scope
of recovery should be specified and based on some pre-existing standard that recognizes that
individual differences in claimants do matter.  Clarification will need to be provided as to the
scope of the claimed losses on such elements of damage as "loss of business or employment
opportunities," "hedonic damages," and the a role of expert economic evidence in the claims
process.

     The claim filing process should be made as simple and easy as possible.  Consideration
should be given to designating an organization, federal or private, that can assist those with filing
questions.  The filing process should focus on and require claimants to provide the most specific
sorts of proof including such items as medical bills, income tax returns, and collateral source
payments or contracts.  The form itself is not as important as the documentary proof it identifies
and requires to be provided.  The form might be designed so that a compensation formula might
be applied in most cases.  The goal would be to secure sufficient incident information (precise
location of the victim, documentation of injuries, proof of earnings history, proof of medical
expenses,) to allow for a mathematical calculation based on previously designated levels of
recovery.  This sort of formula approach might resolve many cases without the need for a formal
hearing.
     
     If a claimant desires to work outside the framework of the established formula a fuller
hearing should be provided at which supplementary proof will be accepted.  Because of the tight
time frames in the legislation (120 days to decision and 20 days for review), hearing requests
should be contingent on an agreement waiving the mandated time limits in light of the need for
individualized consideration.

     Consideration should be given to providing, within the regulations, a decision review
process by someone other that the original hearing officer to insure horizontal equity and
fairness.  Hearing officers should as far as possible, not be cast in an adversarial role vis-a'-vis
claimants.  There should be a separate staff on the Special Master's team designated to respond to
all questions regarding the filling and claims process.  Hearings, and proceedings generally,
should conform as far as possible to the requirements of the Administrative Procedure Act.

III.  Relations Between the Special Master and the Attorney General

     Once regulations are fashioned and a satisfactory process is established, consideration
should be given as to whether or not the Special Master should be independent of the direct
oversight or control of the Attorney General.  The regulations should clarify whether, if at all and
to what extent, the SM's decisions are to be deemed final, absent misconduct.  The SM should
have the power to issue such supplementary regulations as are necessary and not inconsistent
with the original legislation and regulations.  The SM should view his/her mission as the
payment of fair and reasonably complete compensation to all eligible claimants.

IV.  Other Drafting Concerns and Considerations

Listed below are other more detailed comments and considerations regarding the regulation
drafting process.

(1)  The "collateral source" definition of Section 402 (4) is in need of clarification as to
     whether charitable efforts are excluded or included as collateral sources.  If included, in
     what manner?  Also, the scope of the definition of collateral sources has a bearing on the
     horizontal equity of the compensation award so that inequities could be exacerbated if the
     treatment of charitable contributions is not done with a great deal of careful analysis.

(2)  The term "economic loss" (section 402 (5)) includes "loss of business or employment
     opportunities."  This is both broad and vague and likely to cause adjudicatory nightmares
     if not clearly defined.  The reference to "State law" in the Section fails to make clear what
     state is meant (home state of individual, site of injury, other?)

(3)  The designers of the adjudicatory process can choose between two polar opposite
     approaches (or perhaps meld them).  The first is to hire a large group of hearing
     examiners and let them have a go at individual claims.  This risks the loss of horizontal
     equity unless some coordinating review process is installed ( a difficult matter given the
     quick time frame for ratification after decision   20 days).  The another is to fix a fairly
     exacting formula for awards that specifies clearly the sort of damages proof required (tax
     returns, doctor's records etc.), the scope of potential awards (so many dollars for death,
     for income in light of proven earning etc.), and proximity to the disaster.  The choice of
     approach will be a major Special Master policy decision.

(4)  The key is not the claim form described in Section 405(a)(2) but precisely what evidence
     should be required to be attached to it.  The regulations will need to define what
     constitutes sufficient evidence.  The categories of adequate proof should be careful
     spelled out (medical reports, income tax returns etc).

(5)  The problem of adequate proof is even more poignant with respect to collateral sources
     (Section 405(a)(2)(B)(iii)).  Should all life insurance policies be required to be attached? 
     Health insurance policies?  Charitable contributions?  Social Security payments, etc.?

(6)  The "review and determination" process described in Section 405(b) needs t be governed
     by objective evidence (see numbers (4) and (5) above) and objective yardstick for
     damages.  The choice of an objective yardstick for damages will be a major Special
     Master policy decision.  Alternative yardsticks might be drawn from Department of
     Transportation figures, average jury awards in an appropriate forum etc.

(7)  The 120 day "determination" requirement of Section 405(b)(3) will be impossible to meet
     in the early months of the operation of the compensation scheme.  The large number of
     fillings will simply overwhelm those trying to conform to such deadlines.  The early
     decisions will be especially important since they will fix a pattern that should be followed
     thereafter.  Painstaking care to insure consistency will be essential.  A rush to judgment
     will be counterproductive.  Methods for slowing the process or streamlining adjudication
     (through the use of formulas etc. should be considered).  Perhaps claimants should be
     asked to opt for a formula approach if they insist upon the 120 day limit or agree to a
     temporal extension if a hearing or review of decision is requested.

(8)  The "collateral compensation" rule of 405(b)(6) should be refined and clarified in the
     regulations.

(9)  The eligible individuals definition in Section 405(c)(2) is too vague.  The Section
     includes any "individual who was present at the World Trade Center."  This could be
     construed as covering individuals in the street etc.  That matter has to be clarified in the
     regulations.  Similarly the term "in the immediate aftermath" needs similar definition
     through regulations.

(10) Eligible individuals include those who suffered physical harm or death" (Section
     405(c)(2)(A)(ii).  Again, definitions as needed.  Are those who breathed asbestos particles
     or other noxious materials thrown into the air by the disaster covered?  Under the law of a
     number of states they may be.

(11) The applicable law for lawsuits has been spelled out but there is no indication as to which
     state law will govern the decision of the Special Master and the designation of personal
     representative.  The regulations need to speak to the "choice of law rules" relative to these
     issues.

(12) Claimants and their lawyers should have ready access to the awards made and the
     evidence that supported the awards, which can be achieved through a searchable public
     data bank of claims related date.  The names of the victims should not be identified in the
     public data bank in order to assure the privacy of the individual.

(13) The "subrogation" right described in Section 409(a) requires a better definition. 
     Claimants will be faced with many subrogation problems that can be avoided by clear
     statements in the regulations.  If the SM does make an award for medical expenses that is
     reduced by the amount of medical expenses already provided to the claimant because the
     claimant's expenses have been covered under a preexisting health care policy, the
     regulations should clarify whether or not the health insurer has a right to go against the
     U.S. Government to claim subrogation for the payments it made for the claimant.  Also,
     the regulations should clarify that future medical expenses will be paid to the claimant in
     the SM award but that there will be a right of subrogation by either the government or the
     health insurer (but obviously not both) for expenses paid by a health insurer.



Comment By:
American Bar Association
Task Force on Terrorism and the Law

 
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Friday, December 21, 2001 5:07 PM



December  21, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Aubrey, TX 



 
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          <name>September 11 Email: Date</name>
          <description>The local time and date when the message was written.</description>
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              <text>2001-12-21</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="4">
        <name>911DA Item</name>
        <description>Elements describing a September 11 Digital Archive item.</description>
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            <name>Status</name>
            <description>The process status of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290695">
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          <element elementId="53">
            <name>Consent</name>
            <description>Whether September 11 Digital Archive has permission to possess this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290696">
                <text>full</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Posting</name>
            <description>Whether the contributor gave permission to post this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290697">
                <text>yes</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="55">
            <name>Copyright</name>
            <description>Whether the contributor holds copyright to this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290698">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="56">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>The source of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290699">
                <text>born-digital</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="57">
            <name>Media Type</name>
            <description>The media type of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290700">
                <text>email</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="59">
            <name>Created by Author</name>
            <description>Whether the author created this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290701">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="60">
            <name>Described by Author</name>
            <description>Whether the description of this item was submitted by the author.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290702">
                <text>no</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="61">
            <name>Date Entered</name>
            <description>The date this item was entered into the archive.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="290703">
                <text>2001-12-21</text>
              </elementText>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="23162" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="264506">
                  <text>Department of Justice Emails</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="264507">
                  <text>The Department of Justice received more than 11,000 e-mails in response to the agency's public solicitation for comments upon its plans to distribute the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001 established by Congress to benefit the victims of September 11 and their families.  These e-mails have been organized here by date.</text>
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    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>September 11 Email</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="65">
          <name>September 11 Email: Body</name>
          <description>The basic content, as unstructured text; sometimes containing a signature block at the end.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="290704">
              <text>
Tuesday, December 18, 2001 10:11 PM
Eqal Benefits for All


December  18, 2001

Dear Mr. Kenneth Zwick,

I write as a member of Amnesty International, a worldwide human rights
movement committed to ensuring respect for the basic human rights of people
without discrimination, in support of equal access to benefits under the
September 11 Victims Relief Fund for all victims, regardless of sexual
orientation or marital status. As you know, the United States has
committed to uphold international human rights standards, including the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which prohibit arbitrary discrimination.
  
As you consider rules for administering the relief fund, I ask that you
apply basic international human rights standards, and the general principle
of equality, by including among relatives eligible for compensation those
who lost their life partners, as well as de facto parents or children,
without regard to sexual orientation or marital status.  The State of New
York has already adopted such a policy, granting compensation benefits "on
a showing of mutual interdependence with the victim, in recognition that
anyone who shared with the victim living expenses, day to day activities
and the emotional bonds of family deserves help in this time of need."

Many lesbian and gay people were killed in the September 11th attacks.
Since then, lesbian and gay surviving partners of those killed have had
mixed results in obtaining equal treatment at the local level in the
distribution of relief funds by private and state agencies.  An inclusive
policy on the part of the federal government would help establish an
important principle for other such funds.  In compensating victims, real
justice will be served only when all families - and all types of families -
impacted by the human rights tragedy of September 11 are treated with
dignity and equality. 

Thank you for considering my concerns. I look forward to hearing from you
about your efforts to ensure that all surviving victims of the September 11
attacks have equal access to the relief fund.


Sincerely,

Individual Comment
Columbia, MD
 
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          <name>September 11 Email: Date</name>
          <description>The local time and date when the message was written.</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="290705">
              <text>2001-12-18</text>
            </elementText>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290706">
                <text>dojA002374.xml</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="4">
        <name>911DA Item</name>
        <description>Elements describing a September 11 Digital Archive item.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="52">
            <name>Status</name>
            <description>The process status of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290707">
                <text>approved</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="53">
            <name>Consent</name>
            <description>Whether September 11 Digital Archive has permission to possess this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290708">
                <text>full</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="54">
            <name>Posting</name>
            <description>Whether the contributor gave permission to post this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290709">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="55">
            <name>Copyright</name>
            <description>Whether the contributor holds copyright to this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290710">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="56">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>The source of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290711">
                <text>born-digital</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="57">
            <name>Media Type</name>
            <description>The media type of this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290712">
                <text>email</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Created by Author</name>
            <description>Whether the author created this item.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290713">
                <text>yes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Described by Author</name>
            <description>Whether the description of this item was submitted by the author.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="290714">
                <text>no</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="61">
            <name>Date Entered</name>
            <description>The date this item was entered into the archive.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290715">
                <text>2001-12-18</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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